DETECTION OF TUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIA IN THE BLOOD OF PATIENTS WHEN SUSPECTING TUBERCULOUS SEPSIS

The increase in HIV patients manifesting clinical signs of sepsis requires up-to-date, rapid and reliable techniques for etiologic diagnostics.The analysis has included 53 publications related to various aspects of tuberculous bacteriemia, resources for its detection and their efficiency. According to the publications tuberculous mycobacteria in blood can be detected in HIV-positive patients with severe immune suppression (CD4: 17-18 cells/mcl) and presence of the following clinical and laboratory and X-ray signs: fever, severe anemia, paratracheal lymphoadenopathy, miliary dissemination. It is feasible to test the blood in order to detect tuberculous mycobacteria only in the very ill HIV positive patients in whom tuberculosis is suspected and it is impossible to collect sputum and there are no obvious signs of pulmonary lesions.The presence oftuberculous mycobacteria in blood isrelated to the high mortality level (up to 60%) and the immediate prescription of anti-tuberculosis therapy can reduce it. Antiretroviral therapy can reduce the chances of tuberculous sepsis development. Development and optimization of test systems for rapid detection of DNA of tuberculous mycobacteria in blood can be fairly promising for the diagnostics of the urgent tuberculosis

ВЫЯВЛЕНИЕ МИКОБАКТЕРИЙ ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗА В КРОВИ КАК МЕТОД ДИАГНОСТИКИ ГЕНЕРАЛ ИЗОВАННОГО ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗА У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ВИЧ-ИНФЕКЦИЕЙ

Objective: To study the informative value of the detection of mycobacteria in blood with the cultural method in patients with suspected tuberculous sepsis and to determine the most significant clinical and laboratory criteria for testing. Materials and methods: The investigation to detect M.tuberculosis was fulfilled in 159 HIV-positive patients with suspected tuberculosis sepsis. Blood culture was completed with culture medium Myco/F Lytic Culture Vials and analyzer BACTEC 9050. Results: Mycobacteria were detected in blood of 19 patients (11,9% of all patients): in 18 patients the growth of М. tuberculosis complex was detected (25,3% of all patients with diagnosed tuberculosis) and in 1 patient it was Mycobacterium avium complex (0,6% of all patients). It was shown, that the probability of M.tuberculosis detection was especially associated with the severity of the disease, immunosupression (less than 100 cells/mkl), hemoglobin quantity less than 90 g/l (levels were determined through the seeking for the most significant cutoffs). It was not proofed, that meningoencephalitis develops more often in patients with proven bacteremia. There were no evident differences in detection frequency of mycobacteria in sputum between patients with tuberculous sepsis and without it.Цель: изучить информативность культурального исследования крови на МБТ у больных ВИЧ-инфекцией с подозрением на туберкулезной сепсис и определить наиболее значимые предтестовые клинико-лабораторные критерии. Материалы и методы: обследование для выявления микобактерий в крови выполнено 159 больным ВИЧинфекцией с подозрением на туберкулезный сепсис. Посев крови производили на среду Myco/F Lytic Culture Vials и помещали в гемоанализатор BACTEC 9050. Результаты: микобактериальная инфекция кровотока выявлена у 19 пациентов (11,9% от числа тестируемых): у 18 человек обнаружен рост М. tuberculosis complex (25,3% от числа больных туберкулезом) и у одного больного – Mycobacterium avium complex (0,6% от числа тестируемых). Выявлено, что вероятность бактериемии наиболее связана с тяжестью состояния пациента; иммуносупрессией менее 100 клеток/мкл; снижением уровня гемоглобина менее 90 г/л (уровни были определены посредством поиска наиболее значимых порогов). Не удалось доказать, что менингоэнцефалит чаще развивается у лиц с подтвержденной бактериемией. Достоверных различий по частоте выявления МБТ в мокроте у больных с туберкулезным сепсисом и без него выявить не удалось

DETECTION OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS IN BLOOD FOR DIAGNOSIS OF GENERALISED TUBERCULOSIS IN HIV-POSITIVE PATIENTS

Objective: To study the informative value of the detection of mycobacteria in blood with the cultural method in patients with suspected tuberculous sepsis and to determine the most significant clinical and laboratory criteria for testing. Materials and methods: The investigation to detect M.tuberculosis was fulfilled in 159 HIV-positive patients with suspected tuberculosis sepsis. Blood culture was completed with culture medium Myco/F Lytic Culture Vials and analyzer BACTEC 9050. Results: Mycobacteria were detected in blood of 19 patients (11,9% of all patients): in 18 patients the growth of М. tuberculosis complex was detected (25,3% of all patients with diagnosed tuberculosis) and in 1 patient it was Mycobacterium avium complex (0,6% of all patients). It was shown, that the probability of M.tuberculosis detection was especially associated with the severity of the disease, immunosupression (less than 100 cells/mkl), hemoglobin quantity less than 90 g/l (levels were determined through the seeking for the most significant cutoffs). It was not proofed, that meningoencephalitis develops more often in patients with proven bacteremia. There were no evident differences in detection frequency of mycobacteria in sputum between patients with tuberculous sepsis and without it