Rumen Fermentation, Blood Metabolites, and Performance of Sheep Fed Tropical Browse Plants

The in vitro study was designed to evaluate total gas production, dry matter degradability (DMD), and VFA profile; while in vivo study was designed to evaluate nutrient intakes, blood metabolites, and performance of sheep fed native grass mixed with Calliandra calothyrrus (CC), Leucaena leucochepala (LL), Moringa oleifera (MO), Gliricidea sepium (GS), and Artocarpus heterophyllus (AH). The best three from the in vitro results were used to formulate diets in in vivo study. Sixteen male growing sheep (average BW 20 kg) were fed 100% native grass (NG) as control; 70% NG + 30% GS; 70% NG + 30% MO; and 70% NG + 30% AH. Nutrient consumptions, DMD, blood metabolites, and sheep performances were analyzed by using Completely Randomized Design. The in vitro results showed that the total gas production and DMD of CC and LL were the lowest (P<0.05) while the highest was found in GS, MO, and AH treatments (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the in vivo results showed that nutrient intakes (DM, CP, and CF) of GS and AH rations were the highest. The ADG, concentration of albumin, and globulin in all treatments were similar, while total serum protein, triglycerides, and glucose concentration in MO and AH rations were higher than others. Serum cholesterol concentration in MO ration was the lowest, meanwhile the concentration of IgG was the highest (P<0.05). Supplementation of 30% MO was the best choice for optimum rumen fermentation and maintaining health status of local sheep

Egg Production and Physical Quality in Cortunix Cortunix Japonica Fed Diet Containing Piperine as Phytogenic Feed Additive

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of piperine as a phytogenic feed additive on quail performances and egg quality. The experiment used a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications and used ten quails with one week of age in each replication. The piperine was added to the diets at concentrations of 0 (T0), 15 (T1), 30 (T2), 45 (T3), and 60 mg/kg body weight (T4) for 8 consecutive weeks. The results showed that addition of 60 mg/kg body weight (T4) of piperine significantly (P<0.05) reduced feed consumption, egg production, egg mass, income over feed cost (IOFC), and increased water consumption as compared to the other treatments. The addition of 15-60 mg piperine/kg body weight significantly (P<0.05) reduced eggshell weight and increased egg yolk color score. The conclusion of this experiment was that the addition of piperine at 15-45 mg/kg body weight could be used as phytogenic feed additive to improve performance, IOFC, haugh unit, and yolk color

Microbial Population and Fermentation Characteristic in Response to Sapindus Rarak Mineral Block Supplementation

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplementation with lerak extract combined with mineral block on protozoal and bacterial population, and fermentation characteristic in vitro. The experimental design was completely randomized block design with 3 treatments and 4 replications. Control diet was a substrate that consisted of concentrate, forage and feed block with ratio 50 : 48 : 2, respectively. The treatments as a substrate were: control diet (C), C + 0.09% lerak extract, and C + 0.18% lerak extract from the total ration. Variables observed were protozoal and bacterial population, dry matter and organic matter degradability, N-NH3 and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The result showed that there were no significant effect (P>0.05) for all parameter measured with lerak extract supplementation up to 0.18% in the presence of mineral block. However, supplementation of lerak extract 0.18% only slightly reduced protozoal numbers but tended to increase bacterial numbers. Dry matter and organic matter degradability and concentration of N-NH3 were similar among treatments. Volatile fatty acids profile changed which propionate tended to increase and acetate tended to decrease and ratio of acetate to propionate tended to decrease. In conclusion, addition of lerak extract up to 0.18% from total ration in the presence of mineral block was not yet effective to depress protozoal population, but could modify fermentation characteristic in vitro

Production, Competition Indices, and Nutritive Values of Setaria Splendida, Centrosema Pubescens, and Clitoria Ternatea in Mixed Cropping Systems in Peatland

This research was conducted to evaluate production, different competition indices and nutritive value of Setaria splendida, Centrosema pubescens, and Clitoria ternatea in monoculture and mix cropping system on peat soil land. The experiment was set up in a randomized complete block design with five treatments and three replications. The five treatments were: S. splendida sole cropping (SS), C. pubescens sole cropping (CP), C. ternatea sole cropping (CT), S. splendida and C. pubescens mix cropping (SS/CP) and S. splendida/C. ternatea mix cropping (SS/CT). The DM yield of S. splendida in mixed cropping with C. pubescens increased 43.4% and in mix cropping with C. ternatea increased 15.7% compared to sole S. splendida. The value of land equivalent ratio of SS/CP (LERSS/CP) was >1. The LERSS/CT value was <1. The crowding coefficient value of S. splendida (KSS) was higher than KCP and KCT. The total value of KSS/CP and KSS/CT were >1. The competition ratio (CR) values of S. splendida in both mix cropping were >1. The agressivity (A) values of S. splendida in both mix cropping were positive. The crude protein, NDF and ADF content of forage were not affected by mix cropping system. In conclusion, mix cropping in peatland do not affect productivity and nutritive value of S. splendida, C. pubescens, and C. ternatea. S. splendida is more effective in exploiting environmental resources when intercropped with C. pubescens compared to C. ternatea on peatland

Pemanfaatan Limbah Cair Pemindangan Ikan

ENGLISHThe enhancement number of boiled fish production will always followed by the increase of waste volume, especially wastewater that in the process will be dumped into the environment. Whereas, if it used with technology development varieties, boiled fish wastewater potentially produce new products. This is because the content of the materials in boiled fish wastewater that useful, such as proteins, fats, salts, and others. That's required an effort that is able to utilizing wastewater boiled fish, as well as to create new products from utilization results of the wastewater. This review aims to provide an overview about the use of wastewater boiled fish that has not been widely known and applied to the community, especially in coastal area of Pati Regency which related to the boiled fish industry. Boiled fish wastewater can be utilized as raw material for the manufacture of fish paste, animal feed and organic liquid fertilizer. INDONESIAPeningkatan jumlah produksi pemindangan ikan akan selalu diikuti dengan peningkatan volume limbah, terutama limbah cair yang dalam prosesnya akan dibuang begitu saja ke lingkungan. Padahal jika dimanfaatkan dengan berbagai pengembangan teknologi, limbah cair pemindangan ikan ini berpotensi menghasilkan produk-produk baru. Hal ini dikarenakan adanya kandungan bahan-bahan yang terdapat pada limbah cair pemindangan ikan yang bermanfaat, seperti protein, lemak, garam, dan lain-lain. Untuk itulah diperlukan suatu upaya yang mampu memanfaatkan limbah cair pemindangan ikan, sekaligus menciptakan produk-produk baru dari hasil pemanfaatan limbah cair tersebut. Review ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran mengenai pemanfaatan limbah cair pemindangan ikan yang belum banyak diketahui dan diterapkan pada masyarakat, terutama masyarakat di kawasan pesisir di Kabupaten Pati yang banyak berhubungan dengan industri pemindangan ikan. Limbah cair pemindangan ikan dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi bahan baku pembuatan petis ikan, pakan ternak dan pupuk cair organik

Penciptaan Sistem Penilaian Kinerja Yang Efektif Dengan Assessment Centre

Competent human resources is one of the most important factors to make an organization to be creative and innovative. To reach thus objective an organization have to up grade the quality of human resource. This upgrading will increase the whole performance of the organization. Organization should manage the best method to develop and motivate their employee, communicating performance appraisal in the organization, making appraisal procedure standard, and using the result for human resource development. This article will reveal everything about performance appraisal with assesment centre method, by the use of this method, the accuracy for individual performance appraisal or in a group should be increasing

Penerapan Warna Pada Ruang Interior Anak Autis

RingkasanPenderita autisme mempunyai gangguan pada interaksi sosial, komunikasi, imajinasi serta pola perilaku yang repetitif dan resistensi (tidak mudah mengikuti/menyesuaikan) terhadap Perubahan pada rutinitas. Gangguan pada interaksi sosial ini menyebabkan mereka terlihat aneh dan berbeda dengan orang lain. Untuk menangani anak autis, salah satu metode yang dapat diterapkan adalah terapi warna. Terapi warna dimaksudkan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran anak akan keberadaannya dalam lingkungan. Hal itu dapat dilakukan dengan memberi warna panas atau hangat dalam desain interior kamar tidur, sehingga ketika setiap harinya mereka melihat warna-warna tersebut pikiran mereka terdorong dan sadar bahwa mereka ada dalam suatu ruangan

Persepsi Masyarakat terhadap Keberadaan Industri Tepung Ikan Ditinjau dari Tingkat Kebauan, Bau dan Air Limbah (Studi Kasus di Desa Purworejo Kecamatan Pati)

ENGLISHIndustry and people who live around the industry area are two component that affect each other. The indutrial activities have impacts for the surrounding communities, positive and negative effects. This research aims to describe the public perception about level of odor, odor and wastewater. Location of the research in Purworejo Village, Pati Subdistrict. Research method is descriptive with quantitative qualitative approach. Data source of primary data obtained from questionnaires and interviews. The results of the research show that the public perception for : a) Sub variable level of odor included in the category “Sangat Menyengat” with score 123; 2) Sub variable odor included in the category “Sangat Terganggu” with score 115; 3) Sub variable wastewater included in the category “Sangat Terganggu” with score 111. INDONESIAIndustri dan masyarakat yang bermukim disekitarnya merupakan dua komponen yang saling mempengaruhi. Aktivitas industri tersebut memberi dampak bagi masyarakat sekitarnya, baik dampak positif dan negatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persepsi masyarakat terhadap keberadaan industri pembuatan tepung ikan ditinjau dari tingkat kebauan, bau/aroma serta air limbah yang ditimbulkan. Lokasi penelitian berada di Desa Purworejo Kabupaten Pati. Metode penelitian adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif kualitatif. Sumber data berupa data primer dari pengamatan kuesioner dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian yaitu persepsi masyarakat untuk ; 1) Sub variabel tingkat kebauan masuk dalam kategori sangat menyengat dengan total nilai skor 123; 2) Sub variabel bau/aroma masuk dalam kategori sangat terganggu dengan nilai skor 115; 3) Sub variabel air limbah adalah termasuk dalam kategori Tidak Terganggu dengan total nilai skor 111