Localization of unresolved regions in the selective large-eddy simulation of hypersonic jets

A method for the localization of the regions where the turbulent fluctuations are unresolved is applied to the selective large-eddy simulation (LES) of a compressible turbulent jet of Mach number equal to 5. This method is based on the introduction of a scalar probe function f which represents the magnitude of the twisting-stretching term normalized with the enstrophy [1]. The statistical analysis shows that, for a fully developed turbulent field of fluctuations, the probability that f is larger than 2 is zero, while, for an unresolved field, is finite. By computing f in each instantaneous realization of the simulation it is possible to locate the regions where the magnitude of the normalized stretching-twisting is anomalously high. This allows the identification of the regions where the subgrid model should be introduced into the governing equations (selective filtering). The results of the selective LES are compared with those of a standard LES, where the subgrid terms are used in the whole domain. The comparison is carried out by assuming as high order reference field a higher resolution Euler simulation of the compressible jet. It is shown that the selective LES modifies the dynamic properties of the flow to a lesser extent with respect to the classical LE

Small scale of subgrid scales in the Large Eddy Simulation of compressible turbulent flows

It is proposed a methodology for the automatic selective insertion-elimination of subgrid scale stresses in the numerical simulation of transitional laminar-turbulent flows in both compressible and incompressible regimes. By means of a functional of the filtered vorticity field, it is possible to approximatively locate the flow regions that are rich in small scale motions. In these regions, it can be opportune to filter the equations of motion to carry out a Large Eddy Simulation, that is, a simulation where the larger scales only are resolved, but the small scale dynamics is considered and represented through proper terms in the equations. In case of compressible regimes, a functional of the pressure local variation and divergence can be associated to the functional previously mentioned in order to determine the eventual presence of shocks. In such a way, it is possible to locate the regions where, to capture the shock, it is necessary to insert an explicit numerical dissipation and suppress the subgrid mode

Cross and magnetic helicity in the outer heliosphere from Voyager 2 observations

Plasma velocity and magnetic field measurements from the Voyager 2 mission are used to study solar wind turbulence in the slow solar wind at two different heliocentric distances, 5 and 29 astronomical units, sufficiently far apart to provide information on the radial evolution of this turbulence. The magnetic helicity and the cross-helicity, which express the correlation between the plasma velocity and the magnetic field, are used to characterize the turbulence. Wave number spectra are computed by means of the Taylor hypothesis applied to time resolved single point Voyager 2 measurements. The overall picture we get is complex and difficult to interpret. A substantial decrease of the cross-helicity at smaller scales (over 1-3 hours of observation) with increasing heliocentric distance is observed. At 5 AU the only peak in the probability density of the normalized residual energy is negative, near -0.5. At 29 AU the probability density becomes doubly peaked, with a negative peak at -0.5 and a smaller peak at a positive values of about 0.7. A decrease of the cross-helicity for increasing heliocentric distance is observed, together with a reduction of the unbalance toward the magnetic energy of the energy of the fluctuations. For the smaller scales, we found that at 29 AU the normalized polarization is small and positive on average (about 0.1), it is instead zero at 5 AU. For the larger scales, the polarization is low and positive at 5 AU (average around 0.1) while it is negative (around - 0.15) at 29 AU.Comment: 14 pages 5 figures. Accepted for publication on European Journal of Mechanics B/Fluids (5/8/2015

Turbulence in the solar wind: spectra from Voyager 2 data at 5 AU

Fluctuations in the flow velocity and magnetic fields are ubiquitous in the Solar System. These fluctuations are turbulent, in the sense that they are disordered and span a broad range of scales in both space and time. The study of solar wind turbulence is motivated by a number of factors all keys to the understanding of the Solar Wind origin and thermodynamics. The solar wind spectral properties are far from uniformity and evolve with the increasing distance from the sun. Most of the available spectra of solar wind turbulence were computed at 1 astronomical unit, while accurate spectra on wide frequency ranges at larger distances are still few. In this paper we consider solar wind spectra derived from the data recorded by the Voyager 2 mission during 1979 at about 5 AU from the sun. Voyager 2 data are an incomplete time series with a voids/signal ratio that typically increases as the spacecraft moves away from the sun (45% missing data in 1979), making the analysis challenging. In order to estimate the uncertainty of the spectral slopes, different methods are tested on synthetic turbulence signals with the same gap distribution as V2 data. Spectra of all variables show a power law scaling with exponents between -2.1 and -1.1, depending on frequency subranges. Probability density functions (PDFs) and correlations indicate that the flow has a significant intermittency.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures. Discussion improved since the previous versio

Pre-unstable set of multiple transient three-dimensional perturbation waves and the associated turbulent state in a shear flow

shear instability, small pertubations collective behaviou