Mongolian Part of the Transboundary Sailugem Natural Plague Focus in 2017. Communication 1. Epizootic condition

Objective – estimation of current epizootic condition of Mongolian part of transboundary Sailugem natural plague focus. Materials and methods. Epizootiological survey was performed for the area of 2335 km2, 277 mammals and 516 ectoparasites were investigated for plague. Results and conclusions. Eight Yersinia pestis subsp. pestis strains were isolated, including 7 strains – from grey marmots (6 – from the remains of meals of predatory birds, 1 from a corpse) and 1 – from long-tailed souslik (corpse). Y. pestis DNA was detected in 52 objects. Serological samples showed 40 positive results. Epizootic manifestations, confirmed by isolation of Y. pestis cultures, detection of plague microbe DNA, and positive serological results, were observed across the area of 1611 km2 covering 69 % of the inspected territory. Epizootic results indicated high infection rate of mass mammal species and first of all grey marmots. The data demonstrated that the extended plague epizooty caused by Y. pestis of the main subspecies occurred in the inspected territory in the carrier settlements. For the first time the circulation of Y. pestis subsp. pestis was registered in the Mongolian part of the transboundary Sailugem focus

Multicenter study of device-associated infection rates in hospitals of Mongolia: Findings of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC)

Methods: A device-associated health care-associated infection prospective surveillance study in 3 adult intensive care units (ICUs) from 3 hospitals using the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) definitions and INICC methods. Results: We documented 467 ICU patients for 2,133 bed days. The central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) rate was 19.7 per 1,000 central line days, the ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) rate was 43.7 per 1,000 mechanical ventilator days, and the catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) rate was 15.7 per 1,000 urinary catheter days; all of the rates are higher than the INICC rates (CLABSI: 4.9; VAP: 16.5; and CAUTI: 5.3) and CDC-NHSN rates (CLABSI: 0.8; VAP: 1.1; and CAUTI: 1.3). Device use ratios were also higher than the CDC-NHSN and INICC ratios, except for the mechanical ventilator device use ratio, which was lower than the INICC ratio. Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin was 100%. Extra length of stay was 15.1 days for patients with CLABSI, 7.8 days for patients with VAP, and 8.2 days for patients with CAUTI. Extra crude mortality in the ICUs was 18.6% for CLABSI, 17.1% for VAP, and 5.1% for CAUTI. Conclusion: Device-associated health care-associated infection rates and most device use ratios in our Mongolian hospitals' ICUs are higher than the CDC-NSHN and INICC rates

Identification of Hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) Virus Infection among Doctors and Nurses in Tertiary Hospitals in Mongolia

The studies of M. Colombo (1989) and W. Lange (1992) showed that 30~40% of people became chronic after suffering from hepatitis B virus (HBV) and C virus (HCV) infection, and about 50% of the chronic cases transformed into primary liver cancer. There have been few studies done in Mongolia on hepatitis infection among health professionals, particularly in nurses. In a study done by Chimedsuren (8), the study showed that 19.4% of people with identified surface hepatitis B antigen (HBsAg) and antibodies to hepatitis C virus and 8% of people with the identified nucleotide of RNA for the hepatitis C virus (polymerase chain reaction) had an acute form of hepatitis C. Studies on the hepatitis virus genome damaging effect on liver cells showed that genotype 8 (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, TTV) had the most damaging effect on liver cells (Hahn and Faeka, 2007). Several studies have shown a relationship between hepatitis B virus infection and a lack of compliance regarding safety regulations and rules by medical personnel. Results of a study from the Maternal and Child Health Research Center showed that tests done to detect hepatitis B virus antigen and antibodies to C virus did not reveal anything. Both antigen and antibodies in 69% cases did not show, and separately, B virus and antibodies to hepatitis C virus were identified in 13% and 9%, respectively. Results of the tests taken from health personnel in Shastin Central Hospital showed that in 76% of the cases, the B virus antigen with C virus antibodies was not identified. In 8% of the cases, the B virus antigen was present on its own. The combination of B the virus antigen and C virus antibodies were present in 8% of nurses and doctors, respectively. 82% of the cases had negative results for the detection of a combination of B virus antigen and C virus antibodies taken from health personnel from the State Central Clinical Hospital whereas the B virus antigen and C virus antibodies by themselves were present in 7% and 14% of the cases, respectively. Combined cases of the B virus antigen and C virus antibodies were identified in 4% of the personnel. Results of the tests taken from the health personnel in the Hospital of the Ministry of Justice and Internal Affairs showed that in 79% of the cases, the B virus antigen with C virus antibodies were not identified. Separately, the B virus and antibodies to hepatitis C virus were identified in 8% and 13% of the cases, respectively

Biologically Active Substances in Buckwheat ( Fagopyrum tataricum L.) Cul- tivated in Mongolia

From thoroughly air-dried samples of buckwheat plant, we revealed a biochemical composition of 14 components. By thin layer chromatography and quantitative analysis methods we showed that buck- wheat has 7 kinds of alkaloids with one dominating alkaloid, and the total weight of all alkaloids equals 0.05%. We also determined the aboveground parts of buckwheat contain the following substances: rutin- 3.14%, fat-0.91%, protein-8.23%, carbohydrate-18.52%, monosaccharide-0.37%, disaccharides-1.11%, vitamin C-0.02%, ash-10.57%, acidity-0.05, carotine-15.6mg, cellulose-40.8%, tannin-1.70%, soluble pectins-0.266%, insoluble pectins-0.507%, total amount of alkaloids-0.05%

Influence of the frequency and interval to milk of mare on yield, composition and sanitary parameters of the milk

The experiment was conducted in order to evaluate the frequency and interval to milk of mare how to influence on yield and composition of the milk and sanitary parameters, dividing 15 mares older than 5 years old into 3 groups by foaling date and milk yield, from 8:00 am to 8:00 pm according to the hygiene and sanitary basic regime. Therefore, 1st group was milked 12 times per day with an hour interval, 2nd group was milked 6 times per day with a 2-hour interval, 3rd group was milked 3 times per day with a 4 hour interval and determined sanitary parameters, composition and milk yield for each groups. If length of the interval of milking mare was longer the milk yield is increasing. But milk yield of 1st group, which milked the highest frequency, was higher than other two groups by milk yield per day besides the content of fat was increased by more than 30 percent. There are no differences between 2nd and 3rd group on contents of fat, lactose, protein and milk yield per day. Although milk of the 1st group, which milked the highest frequency tend to have higher bacterial contamination, there is no statistical difference between other two groups and the overall bacterial contamination level meets national standards. Саах давтамж, саам хоорондын зай гүүний саамны гарц, найрлага, ариун цэвэрт нөлөөлөх нь Хураангуй: Гүүг саах давтамж, саам хоорондын зай саамны гарц, найрлага, ариун цэврийн үзүүлэлтэндхэрхэн нөлөөлдөгийг үнэлэх зорилгоор 5-аас дээш насны 15 гүүг унагалсан хугацаа, саамны гарцаар нь дүйцүүлэн 3 бүлэг болгон хувааж өглөөний 8 цагаас оройн 20 цагийн хооронд эрүүл ахуй-ариун цэврийн нийтлэг дэглэмийг баримтлан сааж туршилтын ажлыг явуулав. Ингэхдээ өдөрт эхний бүлэг(I)-ийн гүүг 1 цагийн зайтайгаар 12 удаа, дараагийн бүлэг(II)-ийн гүүг 2 цагийн зайтайгаар 6 удаа, сүүлийн бүлэг(III)-ийн гүүг 3 цагийн зайтайгаар 4 удаа сааж бүлэг тус бүрээр харгалзах үзүүлэлтийг тодорхойлов. Саам хоорондын зай уртсах тусам нэг удаагийн саамны гарц илүү байв. Харин I бүлгийн саамны гарц өдрийн дүнгээрээ хамгийн өндөр байхын зэрэгцээ тослогийн агууламж 30 гаруй хувиар илүү байв. Статистикийн боловсруулалтаар II ба III бүлгийн гүүний саамны өдрийн гарц, уураг, тослог, лактозийнагууламж бодитой ялгаагүй байв. Хамгийн олон давтамжтай саасан I бүлгийн саамны нянгийн бохирдлын хэмжээ их байх хандлагатай ч статистикийн боловсруулалтаар бусад бүлэгтэй нь харьцуулахад бодит ялгаа гараагүй ба нянгийн ерөнхий бохирдлын түвшин үндэсний стандартын шаардлагыг хангаж байв. ТҮЛХҮҮР ҮГ: Гэдэсний бүлгийн нян, нянгийн бохирдо

Distribution and molecular characteristics of rickettsiae found in ticks across Central Mongolia

10.1186/s13071-017-1981-3Parasites and Vectors1016

In-house Production Method for DNA Ladders to Determine Nucleotide Fragment Sizes up to 1500 Base Pairs

The human genome project was recently completed after running for 15 years and revealed the presence of 30,000 genes in the human genome with a total nucleotide length of 3.2 billion base pairs (bp). Many novel methods and techniques have been developed in the field of molecular biology and molecular genetics as a result of intensive research, where basic analysis is impossible without the use of DNA size markers or DNA ladders. This research aimed to establish an in-house method to produce DNA size markers detecting up to 1500 bp size. DNA size markers are commonly used consumables in molecular biology laboratories. In this study, we report preparation of a DNA size marker consisting of 12 fragments from 100 to 1500 bp. DNA fragments were amplified by PCR and PCR products were then ligated in the cloning vector pDYNE TA V2. Our procedure for DNA size marker production could be simple, time saving, and inexpensive.nbs