A comparison of frontal, continuous, and rotation grazing systems

Two 2-year trials were conducted to evaluate and compare frontal, continuous, and 2-paddock rotation grazing systems on 'Plains' Old World bluestem (Bothriochloa ischaemum (L.) Keng.). Frontal grazing allows livestock a continuous opportunity to graze fresh forage via a livestock-pushed, sliding fence which allocates and controls grazing within a pasture. Trial 1 treatments included frontal grazing at a very high stocking density of 13.3 head ha-1 and continuous grazing at 4 stocking densities described as low, moderate, high, and very high. The mechanical design and components of our frontal grazing system were quite adequate in terms of the system's operation and interaction with the livestock herd. Significant (P 0.05); however, they were less than those under rotation grazing (P 0.05).This material was digitized as part of a cooperative project between the Society for Range Management and the University of Arizona Libraries.The Journal of Range Management archives are made available by the Society for Range Management and the University of Arizona Libraries. Contact [email protected] for further information.Migrated from OJS platform August 202

Heart rate variability response to mental arithmetic stress in patients with schizophrenia Autonomic response to stress in schizophrenia

Background: The vulnerability-stress hypothesis is an established model of schizophrenia symptom formation. We sought to characterise the pattern of the cardiac autonomic response to mental arithmetic stress in patients with stable schizophrenia. Methods: We performed heart rate variability (HRV) analysis on recordings obtained before, during, and after a standard test of autonomic function involving mental stress in 25 patients with DSM-IV schizophrenia (S) and 25 healthy individuals (C). Results: Patients with schizophrenia had a normal response to the mental arithmetic stress test. Relative contributions of low-frequency (LF) HRV and high-frequency (HF) HRV influences on heart rate in patients were similar to controls both at rest (LF 64 19% (S) vs. 56 +/- 16% (C); HF 36 +/- 19% (S) vs. 44 +/- 16% (C), t= 1.52, p=0.136) and during mental stress, with increased LF (S: 76 +/- 12%, C: 74 +/- 11%) and decreased HF (S: 24 12%, C: 26 11%) in the latter study condition. Whilst healthy persons recovered the resting pattern of HRV immediately after stress termination (LF 60 +/- 15% HF 40 15%, F= 18.5, p <0.00 1), in patients HRV remained unchanged throughout the observed recovery period, with larger LF (71 +/- 17%) and lower HF (29+/-17%) compared with baseline (F= 7.3, p = 0.0 13). Conclusions: Patients with schizophrenia exhibit a normal response to the mental arithmetic stress test as a standard test of autonomic function but in contrast with healthy individuals, they maintain stress-related changes of cardiac autonomic function beyond stimulus cessation. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Emotion processing and theory of mind in schizophrenia patients and their unaffected first-degree relatives

Previous studies have suggested that social cognition is affected in individuals with schizophrenia. The purpose of this study was to explore to what extent social cognition deficits are shared by unaffected first-degree relatives, and the nature of the relationship between performance in different paradigms of social cognition. 20 Schizophrenia patients (7 females, 31 ± 10 years), 20 healthy age- and gender-matched individuals, 20 unaffected first-degree relatives of the schizophrenia patients (11 females, 50 ± 20 years), and 20 healthy individuals matched for age and gender were recruited. Patients showed deficits in the detection of social Faux Pas (0.80 ± 0.17 vs. controls: 0.94 ± 0.09, p = 0.025) and the correct identification of Theory of Mind stories (0.71 ± 0.13 vs. controls: 0.82 ± 0.12, p = 0.038). Relatives performed poorly in the Faces Test (0.83 ± 0.14 vs. controls: 0.9 ± 0.08, p = 0.048), the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (0.59 ± 0.17 vs. controls: 0.71 ± 0.14, p = 0.046) and the detection of social Faux Pas (0.8 ± 0.2 vs. controls: 0.93 ± 0.09, p = 0.024). Abnormalities were independent of age, years of education, and general cognitive performance in patients and their relatives. Performance in an Emotion Processing task (Faces Test) was correlated with performance in theory of mind tests in healthy individuals and relatives of patients with schizophrenia only. These results suggest that schizophrenia patients and their unaffected first-degree relatives display similar but nonidentical patterns of social cognition processing.Fil: de Achaval, Delfina. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Costanzo, Elsa Y.. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; ArgentinaFil: Villarreal, Mirta Fabiana. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Jáuregui, Ignacio Oscar. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; ArgentinaFil: Chiodi, Araceli. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; ArgentinaFil: Castro, Mariana Nair. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Fahrer, Rodolfo D.. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; ArgentinaFil: Leiguarda, Ramón C.. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; ArgentinaFil: Chu, Elvina. University College London; Estados UnidosFil: Guinjoan, Salvador Martín. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología; Argentin

Decision-making in Parkinson's disease patients with and without pathological gambling

Background and purpose: Pathological gambling (PG) in Parkinson's disease (PD) is a frequent impulse control disorder associated mainly with dopamine replacement therapy. As impairments in decision-making were described independently in PG and PD, the objective of this study was to assess decision-making processes in PD patients with and without PG. Methods: Seven PD patients with PG and 13 age, sex, education and disease severity matched PD patients without gambling behavior were enrolled in the study. All patients were assessed with a comprehensive neuropsychiatric and cognitive evaluation, including tasks used to assess decision-making abilities under ambiguous or risky situations, like the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), the Game of Dice Task and the Investment Task. Results: Compared to PD patients without gambling behavior, those with PG obtained poorer scores in the IGT and in a rating scale of social behavior, but not in other decision-making and cognitive tasks. Conclusions: Low performance in decision-making under ambiguity and abnormal social behavior distinguished PD patients with PG from those without this disorder. Dopamine replacement therapy may induce dysfunction of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and amygdala-ventral striatum system, thus increasing the risk for developing PG. © 2009 EFNS.Fil: Rossi, Malco Damián. Fundación para la Lucha Contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia. Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas "Raúl Carrea"; ArgentinaFil: Roldán Gerschcovich, Eliana. Fundación para la Lucha Contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia. Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas "Raúl Carrea"; ArgentinaFil: de Achaval, Delfina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Fundación para la Lucha Contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia. Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas "Raúl Carrea"; ArgentinaFil: Pérez Lloret, Santiago. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Fundación para la Lucha Contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia. Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas "Raúl Carrea"; ArgentinaFil: Cerquetti, Daniel. Fundación para la Lucha Contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia. Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas "Raúl Carrea"; ArgentinaFil: Cammarota, Adrian Aldo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Fundación para la Lucha Contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia. Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas "Raúl Carrea"; ArgentinaFil: Nouzeilles, M. Ines. Fundación para la Lucha Contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia. Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas "Raúl Carrea"; ArgentinaFil: Fahrer, Rodolfo D.. Fundación para la Lucha Contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia. Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas "Raúl Carrea"; ArgentinaFil: Merello, Marcelo Jorge. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Fundación para la Lucha Contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia. Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas "Raúl Carrea"; ArgentinaFil: Leiguarda, Ramón Carlos. Fundación para la Lucha Contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia. Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas "Raúl Carrea"; Argentin