Hubungan Kebiasaan Merokok Dengan Terjadinya Smoker\u27s Melanosis Pada Kalangan Petani Di Desa Tutuyan 1 Kecamatan Tutuyan Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow Timur

:Smoking that is a problem for health in the world because can cause anything disease and we can kill because of that, smoking that\u27s a habit for some people in their dayly life and for the societies. Ironically most smokers actually comes from the low economic.The prevalence of smokers in the farmer bigger than another jobs. part of the oral mucosa are exposed the secon smoker can cause the smoker \u27s. The aims of the researchto know the relation of smoking habit with happened of smoker\u27s melanosis the farmer in Tutuyan village 1 kecamatan Tutuyan Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow Timur. Desain research that is analysis with cross sectional, population that all farmers who meet inclusion criteria. This research sample 70 respondents with using purposive sampling technique the instrument that using questionnaire a smoking habit with pieces observation in mouth cavity. The results of the statistical test using Chi Square test at 95% significance level (α ≤ 0.05), then the p value = 0.000. This means that the value of p< α (0,05) and OR value 75,167. The conclusion is have the relationship between a smoking habit with the smoker\u27s melanosis in the farmers in Tutuyan 1 village. Advice for this research, the societies for the passive or active smoker\u27s we hope that can sate our health likes our tooth and mouth for be better

HUBUNGAN ANTARA STOMATITIS AFTOSA REKUREN (RAS) DENGAN PERUBAHAN HORMONAL PADA MASA PUBERITAS ANAK TINGKAT SLTP DI MAKKASAR

penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) tingkat persentase tanda tanda perubahan hormonal pada anak dalam masa pubesitas pada anak SLTP atau anak yang berusia 11-16 tahun, (2) hubungan antara stomatitis aftosa rekuren (RAS) dengan dengan perubahan hormonal pada masa pubersitas pada anak SLTP atau anak yang berusia 11-16 tahunxiii,61

Bakteri Entomopatogen Sebagai Agen Biokontrol Terhadap Larva Spodoptera Litura (F.) [Entomopathogenic Bacteria as Biocontrol Agent Against Spodoptera Litura (F.) Larvae]

Spodoptera litura (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is one of the agricultural pests that attacking almost all kinds of herbaceous plants, especiallyvegetables. Insect control using entomopathogenic bacteria is an alternative strategy that is effective and has a lower environmental impact than the use of synthetic insecticides. The purpose of this research was to explore entomopathogenic bacteria that have insecticidal activity against S. litura larvae at various stages of instars. The result showed that 25% of total number of isolated bacteria have potency as entomopathogenic bacteria. Isolate Staphylococcus sciuri strain BLSP-3 and isolate Serratia sp. strain BLSP-4 showed the highest larvicidal activity against the first and second instar larvae of S. litura 83% and 86%, respectively. The activity against on the third instar larvae however was only by 40%. However, the mortality caused by both isolates was lower than that of Bacillus thuringiensis (more than 90% mortality to the first and second instars and 80 % of the third instar larvae). It is suggested that both of isolates are potential to be developed further as a biocontrol agent to control S. litura population

Sifat Anti Jamur dari Ekstrak Biji Pinang (Areca Cathecu) dan Daun Saga (Abrus Precatorius)

This research purposed to define effect of Pinang (Areca cathecu) seed and Saga (Abrus precatorius) leaf extract against wood decay fungi (Trametes versicolor and Fomitopsis palustris). To obtain active compounds, saga leaf and seed of pinang were extracted with methanol and evaporated by vacuum evaporator. To conduct antifungal test, PDA medium that had been mixed with crude extract of pinang or saga by comparison of 1:1 (w/v) was used. The examination fungal growth was based on its radius colony was conducted for 8 days. Saga leaf extract has higher antifungal activity against T. versicolor and F. palustris than pinang seed extract. Inhibition percentage of fungal growth by saga leaf extract achieved 100%. Based on this research, pinang and saga could be recommended forfurther research as one of biological controlagent

Self-Healing Concrete Using Bacteria Calcification From Karst Cave Environment

Karst regions in Indonesia have the uniqueness of the landscape and biodiversity. The karst is formed by the dissolution of rocks and the precipitation of mineral. In the cave, there are ornaments of stalactite and stalagmite which are formed by the process of mineral precipitation. We have isolated, screened, and identified the soil bacterium from the cave environment (Lysinibacillus macroides). These bacteria are able to precipitate calcium carbonate and can be developed as a self-healing agent concrete. We investigated the proportions and the properties of mixtures concrete containing lightweight aggregate and volcanic ash impregnated with bacteria. A comparison study was made by concrete cylinders subjected to compressive strength tests with and without the bacteria. It found that the strength of concrete with bacteria decreased by less than 10.56% for 28 days of cured specimens. This study showed that the effects of bacteria on the strength of concrete are not considerable. However, these bacteria are effective to repair in the microcrack less than 0.3 m