Hubungan Kebiasaan Merokok Dengan Terjadinya Smoker\u27s Melanosis Pada Kalangan Petani Di Desa Tutuyan 1 Kecamatan Tutuyan Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow Timur

:Smoking that is a problem for health in the world because can cause anything disease and we can kill because of that, smoking that\u27s a habit for some people in their dayly life and for the societies. Ironically most smokers actually comes from the low economic.The prevalence of smokers in the farmer bigger than another jobs. part of the oral mucosa are exposed the secon smoker can cause the smoker \u27s. The aims of the researchto know the relation of smoking habit with happened of smoker\u27s melanosis the farmer in Tutuyan village 1 kecamatan Tutuyan Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow Timur. Desain research that is analysis with cross sectional, population that all farmers who meet inclusion criteria. This research sample 70 respondents with using purposive sampling technique the instrument that using questionnaire a smoking habit with pieces observation in mouth cavity. The results of the statistical test using Chi Square test at 95% significance level (α ≤ 0.05), then the p value = 0.000. This means that the value of p< α (0,05) and OR value 75,167. The conclusion is have the relationship between a smoking habit with the smoker\u27s melanosis in the farmers in Tutuyan 1 village. Advice for this research, the societies for the passive or active smoker\u27s we hope that can sate our health likes our tooth and mouth for be better

HUBUNGAN ANTARA STOMATITIS AFTOSA REKUREN (RAS) DENGAN PERUBAHAN HORMONAL PADA MASA PUBERITAS ANAK TINGKAT SLTP DI MAKKASAR

penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) tingkat persentase tanda tanda perubahan hormonal pada anak dalam masa pubesitas pada anak SLTP atau anak yang berusia 11-16 tahun, (2) hubungan antara stomatitis aftosa rekuren (RAS) dengan dengan perubahan hormonal pada masa pubersitas pada anak SLTP atau anak yang berusia 11-16 tahunxiii,61

Efficacy of Several Entomopathogenic Microorganism as Microbial Insecticide against Insect Pest on Chili (Capsicum annum L.)

Abstract The purpose of this study was to apply microbial suspension of which formulated as bio-insecticide to observe its effectiveness in controlling insect pest on chili plants, Capsicum annum L. The efficacy of bio-insecticide was evaluated based on potential entomopathogenic microorganisms used in the microbial suspension. The bio-insecticide consisted of entomopathogenic fungal and bacterial suspensions. The experiment was carried out in chili cultivation area in Situ Gede, Bogor. The application used spray method with multiple various doses. The observation showed that the plant treated with spore suspensions of entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium sp. T4B23, B2-2, and cell suspensions of entomopathogenic bacteria Bt + SP4, were able to resist against insect pests, such as whitefly, grasshopper, and armyworm. In addition, the treated plant had more vigorous growth and yield than the control treatment.</jats:p

Detection of phytopathogen and antagonistic fungi on the black diseased-cacao pod

Abstract Isolation of phytopahtogen and antagonistic fungi is important in the efforts for managing phytopathogen infestation in cacao plantations. It is related to developing studies to evaluate the association between the two types of organism in the context of establishing integrated pest management to manage widespread pest and disease in cacao crop. This research objective is to study and isolate phytopathogens and antagonistic fungi on cacao. Fungal isolation was conducted from black diseased-cacao pod and soil samples through surface sterilization and serial dilution, respectively. After several culture purification, four fungal isolates were identified through macroscopic colonies and microscope observation. Those fungal isolates are Curvularia, Fusarium, Aspergillus and Trichoderma. Further research is necessary to test their antagonistic and or synergistic associations in laboratory and field scales.</jats:p

Sifat Anti Jamur dari Ekstrak Biji Pinang (Areca Cathecu) dan Daun Saga (Abrus Precatorius)

This research purposed to define effect of Pinang (Areca cathecu) seed and Saga (Abrus precatorius) leaf extract against wood decay fungi (Trametes versicolor and Fomitopsis palustris). To obtain active compounds, saga leaf and seed of pinang were extracted with methanol and evaporated by vacuum evaporator. To conduct antifungal test, PDA medium that had been mixed with crude extract of pinang or saga by comparison of 1:1 (w/v) was used. The examination fungal growth was based on its radius colony was conducted for 8 days. Saga leaf extract has higher antifungal activity against T. versicolor and F. palustris than pinang seed extract. Inhibition percentage of fungal growth by saga leaf extract achieved 100%. Based on this research, pinang and saga could be recommended forfurther research as one of biological controlagent

Biological activity of local plant extracts from Toba Region as insecticide

Abstract Toba, North Sumatera is famous not only for its tourism destination but also for biodiversity. The aim of this research is to explore the potency of the local plant from Toba as bioinsecticide. Six local plant samples, which consists of genus Compositae, Meliaceae, Staphyleaceae, and Actinidiaceae, were obtained from the Toba region,. The macerated extracts were tested their insecticidal activity against Coptotermes gestroi and Spodoptera litura. Bioassay results showed that leaves extract of Ingul (Toona sinensis) at a concentration of 10% (w/v) had the highest mortality effect against Coptotermes gestroi on the tenth day of observation. Whereas, leaves extracts of Pirdot (Saurauia bracteosa), Ingul (Toona sinensis), and Haurese (Azadirachta indica) at the concentration of 1% (w/v) showed the best insecticidal effect with 80% mortality percentage respectively against Spodoptera litura in 4 hours of observation.</jats:p

Termite assemblage structure in Batam Island, Indonesia

Abstract Termite’s biodiversity is known to be strongly affected by disturbance, particularly in an urban area. The present study evaluated termite biodiversity and distribution in Batam Botanical Garden, an urban conservation area in Batam Island. In the surveyed area, termites could play a major beneficial role through the promotion of essential ecological processes in ecosystems, such as soil modification and rehabilitation; as well as their well-established role as pests for vegetation. Therefore, biodiversity evaluation of termite is very important to identify economically and ecologically important species. Termite survey had been conducted by a 100 × 2 m belt-transect. Transect area was divided into 20 sections (5 × 2 m), in which each section was surveyed for 30 minutes by two trained people. In total, 106 specimens (15 termite genera) were collected from three sampling sites: Plantation, Mangrove forest, and Forest.</jats:p

Self-Healing Concrete Using Bacteria Calcification From Karst Cave Environment

Karst regions in Indonesia have the uniqueness of the landscape and biodiversity. The karst is formed by the dissolution of rocks and the precipitation of mineral. In the cave, there are ornaments of stalactite and stalagmite which are formed by the process of mineral precipitation. We have isolated, screened, and identified the soil bacterium from the cave environment (Lysinibacillus macroides). These bacteria are able to precipitate calcium carbonate and can be developed as a self-healing agent concrete. We investigated the proportions and the properties of mixtures concrete containing lightweight aggregate and volcanic ash impregnated with bacteria. A comparison study was made by concrete cylinders subjected to compressive strength tests with and without the bacteria. It found that the strength of concrete with bacteria decreased by less than 10.56% for 28 days of cured specimens. This study showed that the effects of bacteria on the strength of concrete are not considerable. However, these bacteria are effective to repair in the microcrack less than 0.3 m