224 research outputs found
Never Draw Unless You Mean to Shoot : United States Department of State\u27s Responses to Property Seizures in Latin America
This thesis examines the U.S. Department of State\u27s diplomatic handling of disputes over the seizure of U.S.-owned property in Latin America between 1937 and 1973. Seizures in Bolivia, Mexico, Guatemala, Cuba, Peru and Chile are used as case studies, and provide examples of successful and unsuccessful diplomatic outcomes.
Several key factors are analyzed in each dispute, including Several key factors are analyzed in each dispute, including whether the Department took a conciliatory or confrontational approach toward each country, the kind of economic pressure applied, the situations under which the Department opted for official diplomatic involvement, and the types of informal facilitative assistance provided to U.S. claimants. The thesis then attempts to determine which measures helped to resolve outstanding disputes and which did not
Rydberg-atom trajectories in a ponderomotive optical lattice
Using semiclassical simulations, we investigate the trajectories and the microwave spectra of Rydberg atoms excited in a ponderomotive optical lattice. We relate distinct features found in the microwave spectra to characteristic types of trajectory. Several methods are presented that are designed to greatly improve the trapping efficiency of the lattice and to generalize the trapping from one to three dimensions.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/85435/1/njp10_11_113036.pd
Manipulation and Detection of a Trapped Yb+ Ion Hyperfine Qubit
We demonstrate the use of trapped ytterbium ions as quantum bits for quantum
information processing. We implement fast, efficient state preparation and
state detection of the first-order magnetic field-insensitive hyperfine levels
of 171Yb+, with a measured coherence time of 2.5 seconds. The high efficiency
and high fidelity of these operations is accomplished through the stabilization
and frequency modulation of relevant laser sources.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures, 1 tabl
Disrupted Maturation of the Microbiota and Metabolome among Extremely Preterm Infants with Postnatal Growth Failure
Growth failure during infancy is a major global problem that has adverse effects on long-term health and neurodevelopment. Preterm infants are disproportionately affected by growth failure and its effects. Herein we found that extremely preterm infants with postnatal growth failure have disrupted maturation of the intestinal microbiota, characterized by persistently low diversity, dominance of pathogenic bacteria within the Enterobacteriaceae family, and a paucity of strictly anaerobic taxa including Veillonella relative to infants with appropriate postnatal growth. Metabolomic profiling of infants with growth failure demonstrated elevated serum acylcarnitines, fatty acids, and other byproducts of lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation. Machine learning algorithms for normal maturation of the microbiota and metabolome among infants with appropriate growth revealed a pattern of delayed maturation of the microbiota and metabolome among infants with growth failure. Collectively, we identified novel microbial and metabolic features of growth failure in preterm infants and potentially modifiable targets for intervention
Quantum Interference of Photon Pairs from Two Trapped Atomic Ions
We collect the fluorescence from two trapped atomic ions, and measure quantum
interference between photons emitted from the ions. The interference of two
photons is a crucial component of schemes to entangle atomic qubits based on a
photonic coupling. The ability to preserve the generated entanglement and to
repeat the experiment with the same ions is necessary to implement entangling
quantum gates between atomic qubits, and allows the implementation of protocols
to efficiently scale to larger numbers of atomic qubits.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Efficient Photoionization-Loading of Trapped Cadmium Ions with Ultrafast Pulses
Atomic cadmium ions are loaded into radiofrequency ion traps by
photoionization of atoms in a cadmium vapor with ultrafast laser pulses. The
photoionization is driven through an intermediate atomic resonance with a
frequency-quadrupled mode-locked Ti:Sapphire laser that produces pulses of
either 100 fsec or 1 psec duration at a central wavelength of 229 nm. The large
bandwidth of the pulses photoionizes all velocity classes of the Cd vapor,
resulting in high loading efficiencies compared to previous ion trap loading
techniques. Measured loading rates are compared with a simple theoretical
model, and we conclude that this technique can potentially ionize every atom
traversing the laser beam within the trapping volume. This may allow the
operation of ion traps with lower levels of background pressures and less trap
electrode surface contamination. The technique and laser system reported here
should be applicable to loading most laser-cooled ion species.Comment: 11 pages, 12 figure
Large emergency-response exercises: qualitative characteristics - a survey
Exercises, drills, or simulations are widely used, by governments, agencies and commercial organizations, to simulate serious incidents and train staff how to respond to them. International cooperation has led to increasingly large-scale exercises, often involving hundreds or even thousands of participants in many locations. The difference between âlargeâ and âsmallâ exercises is more than one of size: (a) Large exercises are more âexperientialâ and more likely to undermine any model of reality that single organizations may create; (b) they create a âplay spaceâ in which organizations and individuals act out their own needs and identifications, and a ritual with strong social implications; (c) group-analytic psychotherapy suggests that the emotions aroused in a large group may be stronger and more difficult to control. Feelings are an unacknowledged major factor in the success or failure of exercises; (d) successful large exercises help improve the nature of trust between individuals and the organizations they represent, changing it from a situational trust to a personal trust; (e) it is more difficult to learn from large exercises or to apply the lessons identified; (f) however, large exercises can help develop organizations and individuals. Exercises (and simulation in general) need to be approached from a broader multidisciplinary direction if their full potential is to be realized
Web-based mindfulness intervention in heart disease: A randomized controlled trial
Background Evidence is accumulating that mindfulness training has favorable effects on psychological outcomes, but studies on physiological outcomes are limited. Patients with heart disease have a high incidence of physiological and psychological problems and may benefit from mindfulness training. Our aim was to determin
Online mindfulness as a promising method to improve exercise capacity in heart disease: 12-month follow-up of a randomized controlled trial
There is increasing evidence that mindfulness can reduce stress, and thereby affect other psychological an
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