In Vitro Rumen Fermentation and Anti Mastitis Bacterial Activity of Diet Containing Betel Leaf Meal (Piper Betle L.)

The aims of this experiment was to study the inhibition effect of betel leaf meal (BLM) addition into concentrate diet on mastitis causing bacteria and on rumen fermentation condition. The study consisted of five dietary treatments of BLM level in concentrate feed, i.e., 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% and four replicates of each treatment. The treatment diets together with napier grass in ratio of 40 : 60 were fermented using rumen liquor. All treatments were examined their antibacterial activity before and after fermentation. After four hours fermentation, supernatant of each samples were analyzed for VFA, NH3, number of bacteria and protozoa. Dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) digestibility were analyzed after 48 h fermentation. The results showed that before fermentation, 8% BLM addition caused the bigest (P<0.05) inhibition diameter of Staphylococcus spp. growth compared to other lower levels. However after fermentation there were no significant differences among the addition levels of BLM. Two per cent of BLM addition produced higher VFA (P<0.05) than the other addition levels. Ammoniaconcentration, dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) digestibility were not different among the treatments. Addition of BLM significantly (P<0.01) decreased protozoa number, but did not affect bacterial count. It is concluded that the addition of 2% BLM in concentrate feed can be used effectively to inhibit the growth of mastitis causing bacteria (Staphylococcus spp.) and does not disturb rumen fermentation condition

An Empirical Biomarker-based Calculator for Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease - The Nieto-Narayan Formula

Autosomal polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) is associated with progressive enlargement of the kidneys fuelled by the formation and expansion of fluid-filled cysts. The disease is congenital and children that do not succumb to it during the neonatal period will, by age 10 years, more often than not, require nephrectomy+renal replacement therapy for management of both pain and renal insufficiency. Since increasing cystic index (CI; percent of kidney occupied by cysts) drives both renal expansion and organ dysfunction, management of these patients, including decisions such as elective nephrectomy and prioritization on the transplant waitlist, could clearly benefit from serial determination of CI. So also, clinical trials in ARPKD evaluating the efficacy of novel drug candidates could benefit from serial determination of CI. Although ultrasound is currently the imaging modality of choice for diagnosis of ARPKD, its utilization for assessing disease progression is highly limited. Magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography, although more reliable for determination of CI, are expensive, time-consuming and somewhat impractical in the pediatric population. Using a well-established mammalian model of ARPKD, we undertook a big data-like analysis of minimally- or non-invasive serum and urine biomarkers of renal injury/dysfunction to derive a family of equations for estimating CI. We then applied a signal averaging protocol to distill these equations to a single empirical formula for calculation of CI. Such a formula will eventually find use in identifying and monitoring patients at high risk for progressing to end-stage renal disease and aid in the conduct of clinical trials.Comment: 3 tables and 8 figure

In Vitro Rumen Fermentation and Anti Mastitis Bacterial Activity of Diet Containing Betel Leaf Meal (Piper betle L.)

The aims of this experiment was to study the inhibition effect of betel leaf meal (BLM) addition into concentrate diet on mastitis causing bacteria and on rumen fermentation condition. The study consisted of five dietary treatments of BLM level in concentrate feed, i.e., 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% and four replicates of each treatment. The treatment diets together with napier grass in ratio of 40 : 60 were fermented using rumen liquor.  All treatments were examined their antibacterial activity before and after fermentation. After four hours fermentation, supernatant of each samples were analyzed for VFA, NH3, number of bacteria and protozoa. Dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) digestibility were analyzed after 48 h fermentation. The results showed that before fermentation, 8% BLM addition caused the bigest (P<0.05) inhibition diameter of Staphylococcus spp. growth compared to other lower levels. However after fermentation there were no significant differences among the addition levels of BLM.  Two per cent of BLM addition produced higher VFA (P<0.05) than the other addition levels. Ammoniaconcentration, dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) digestibility were not different among the treatments. Addition of BLM significantly (P<0.01) decreased protozoa number, but did not affect bacterial count. It is concluded that the addition of 2% BLM in concentrate feed can be used effectively to inhibit the growth of mastitis causing bacteria (Staphylococcus spp.) and does not disturb rumen fermentation condition

Pendugaan Parameter Genetik Populasi F3 Dan F4 Tanaman Gandum Persilangan Oasis X HP1744

The study was aimed to obtain the information on the genetic diversity on agronomic traits of wheat among the F3 and F4 generations, derived from crosses of Oasis x HP1744, planted at the highland and medium elevation. The second objective was to acquire the character for selection and to acquire the adaptable genotypes on the highland and on the plain medium elevation. Selection was carried out using Shuttle Breeding, where F3 generation was selected at the Experimental Station of Cipanas (1100 m asl) and F4 generation was selected at the plain medium elevation of Cisarua (600 m asl). The experiment used Augmented Designs. Genetic material consisted of 57 F3 pedigree families selected from the F2 generation of Oasis x HP1744 cross plus six check varieties. The F4 generation cinsisted 320 selected genotypes from the F3 generation plus six check varieties. Plant height, flag leaf area, percentage of empty florets per panicle, number of grains/panicle and grain weight/panicle of the F3 generation showed larger mid value than the two parents. In the F4 generation, flag leaf greenness, total number of tillers, number of productive tillers, main panicle seed weight, number of seeds/panicle, seed weight/panicle, number of seeds/plant and seed weight/plant indicated the mean value larger than that of the Oasis. Plant height, number of productive tillers, days to flowering, maturity, spikelet number, and the total number of florets of the F4 generation showed higher heritability than that of F3 generation. Character suitable for indirect selection in the F3 was plant height, which indicated the best indirect differential selection. Potential families for further selection included: O/HP 21, O/HP 82, O/HP 12, O/HP 100 and O/HP 28. Characters most suitable for indirect selection in the F4 generation were: main panicle seed weight which indicated the best indirect differential selection. Genotypes potential for further selection in the medium elevation were O/HP82-19; O/HP82-15, O/HP78-5, O/HP49-30 and O/HP78-2

Kemampuan Menyusun Kalimat Menjadi Paragraf Siswa Kelas V SD Negeri2 Lampaseh Kabupaten Aceh Besar

Penelitian ini berjudul “Kemampuan Menyusun Kalimat menjadi Paragraf Siswa Kelas V SD Negeri 2 Lampaseh.Penelitian ini berupaya mengukur tingkat kemampuan menyusun kalimat menjadi paragraf siswa kelas V SD Negeri 2 Lampaseh. Secara khusus penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsiskan kemampuan menyusun kalimat menjadi paragraf siswa kelas V SD Negeri 2 Lampaseh. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan jenis penelitiannya yaitu deskriptif.Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui tes menyusun urutan kalimat acak menjadi sebuah paragraf. Tes yang diberikan berupa kalimat-kalimat acak yang berjumlah 10 soal, yang setiap soalnya berisikan 4-5 kalimat yang akan diurutkan menjadi sebuah paragraf. Adapun subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas V SD Negeri 2 Lampaseh yang berjumlah 20 siswa.Data diolah dengan menggunakan rumus persentase.Rumus tersebut digunakan untuk mengetahui kemampuan siswa kelas V dalam menyusun kalimat menjadi paragraf.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pengolahan data menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kemampuan siswa dalam menyusun kalimat menjadi paragraf berada dalam kategori baik dengan nilai rata-rata keseluruhan siswa dalam menyusun kalimat menjadi paragraf adalah 69.5. Maka dari data yang diolah, terdapat 5 siswa yang mendapatkan skor pada kategori baik sekali dengan nilai (80-100) dengan persentase 25%. Adapun siswa yang memperoleh skor pada katerogi baik dengan nilai (66-79) sebanyak 6 siswa dengan persentase 30%, siswa yang mendapatkan skor pada kategori cukup dengan nilai (56-65) sebanyak 6 siswa dengan persentase 30%, dan siswa yang mendapatkan skor kategori kurang dengan nilai (40-55) sebanyak 3 siswa dengan persentase 15%.Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa siswa kelas V SD Negeri 2 Lampaseh mempunyai kemampuan untuk menyusun kalimat menjadi paragraf sesuai dengan yang diharapkan

Pengaruh Latihan Relaksasi Otot Progresif Terhadap Kualitas Tidur Lansia

Older people are the group of people who often experience the decreasing of quality of sleep. Few studies showed the benefit of progressive muscle relaxation exercise to give comfort that is needed to reduce the cause of sleep disturbance. This study aimed to examine the effect of progressive muscle relaxation exercise towards older people's quality of sleep. The research design is quasi experimental using pretest-posttest control group design. The sample were recruited using purposive sampling. The total sample were 51 participant which consist of 26 participants in intervention group and 25 participants in control group. Intervention group were conducted progressive muscle relaxation exercise for four weeks. The quality of sleep were measured before and after the exercise using PSQI instrument. The measurements were conducted four times, which were before intervention (pretest), two weeks after intervention (posttest 1), three weeks after intervention (posttest 2), and four weeks after intervention (posttest 3). The data were analyzed using t-test and Repeated ANOVA. The paired t-test for intervention group showed that the score of counted t > table t, with p = 0.000. In the control group, the results showed that counted t 0.005. The repeated ANOVA showed that counted F (71.415) > table F (3.89) with p= 0.000. Independent t-test showed that scores of pretest, posttest 1, posttest 2 and posttest 3 were different significantly between intervention and control groups with p<0.05. The average PSQI scores in intervention group showed a tendency of decreasing after progressive muscle relaxation exercise, while in the control group there was no significant changes in the scores. This is because the progressive muscle relaxation exercise is benefit to give calming, comforting and relaxing responses. The implication of this study is that progressive muscle relaxation exercise can significantly improve the quality of sleep of older people so that this exercise can be considered as a complementary therapy for management of sleep disturbance among older people as an independent nursing care

Efforts to Develop Bicycle Transportation in Supporting the Internal Transportation System

The Unhas Tamalanrea Campus has green open space which is one of the best urban forest areas in Makassar. This is supported by the implementation of Non-Motorized-Transport by re-developing bicycle transportation management. Campus Green Open Space is an attraction for the community to cycle, for this reason, attention to bicycle transportation facilities and connectivity with other transportation is needed so that vehicle access continues to run safely and comfortably, at the Unhas Tamalanrea Campus. This study aims to find out how the services of bicycle transportation facilities, the suitability of bicycle lanes, and development concepts can be applied at the Unhas Tamalanrea Campus.  The analysis methods used are Importance Performance Analysis (IPA), Scoring Analysis, and Map interpretation. Data collection was carried out through observation, interviews, and questionnaires. The respondents taken were cyclists at the Unhas Tamalanrea Campus using accidental sampling techniques. The results showed that the condition of bicycle transportation facilities at the Unhas Tamalanrea Campus was quite good but still needed to be improved by the guidelines and concept of campus bicycle transportation

Karakteristik Keramik Mgal2o4 Untuk Bahan Bakar Nuklir Matriks Inert (Imf) Yang Dibuat Dari Serbuk Hasil Hem Pada Suhu Sinter 1500oc

Terdapatkecenderungan bahwa di masa depan plutonium dan aktinida lain yang berumur panjangsebagai hasil samping PLTN akan menimbulkan masalah. Untuk mengatasi hal ini diperlukanbahan bakar reaktor daya yang lebih efisien. Salah satunya adalah bahan bakar matriks inert(IMF). Bahan bakar ini terdiri dari keramik yang inert (terhadap neutron) sebagai matriks danbahan fisil seperti uranium dioksida yang terdispersi atau larut padat di dalam matriks sebagaibahan bakarnya. Salah satu karakteristik yang diperlukan dari keramik matriks inert adalahrapat massa yang tinggi. Serbuk Al2O3 dan MgO dengan komposisi 50-50, 45-55 dan 55-45dalam % mol digerus dengan alat gerus listrik selama 1 Jam dan ball mill (HEM, high energymilling) selama 50 Jam. Serbuk hasil gerus dipres dengan tekanan 4 ton/cm2. Pelet hasil pres(mentah) kemudian disinter pada suhu 1500oC selama 2 Jam. Rapat masa pelet mentah dansinter ditentukan melalui penimbangan dan pengukuran dimensi. Pelet sinter selanjutnyadianalisis dengan difraksi sinar-x (XRD) dan mikroskop elektron (SEM). Hasil XRDmemperlihatkan bahwa semua keramik yang dibuat mempunyai struktur kristal kubik spinel.Keramik dengan komposisi 50-50 hasil HEM dapat disintesis dengan baik pada suhu 1500oCtetapi keramik yang sama dari serbuk awal tidak dapat disintesis dengan baik. Rapat massakeramik komposisi 45-55 dan 55-45 lebih rendah dari pada rapat massa keramik komposisi 50-50 karena ternyata kelebihan MgO dan Al2O3 tidak membentuk larutan padat spinel. Padasemua keramik fase kedua teramati. Meskipun serbuk hasil HEM lebih reaktif dari pada serbukawal, namun untuk mendapatkan rapat massa yang lebih tinggi waktu HEM perlu ditambah