Entropy-probabilistic modeling as a tool for forming key competencies of a doctor

The possibility of using modern digital educational technologies in the formation of key competencies of a doctor is shown on the example of the entropy-probability model, which is a synthesis of the system-entropy approach and multidimensional risk analysis of stochastic systems. Examples of practical application of this model in preventive medicine are given: Analysis of population entropy in the prevention of noncommunicable diseases, comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness and safety of medicines, quantitative assessment of population health with the determination of the contribution of individual risk factors, and systematic analysis of population changes in monitoring risk factors. The introduction of entropy-probabilistic modeling in the educational process will help in the formation of the doctor's basic universal, professional competencies and systematic clinical thinking. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.The work was supported by the RFBR (grant 20-51-00001 Bel_a)

Mathematical model of diagnostics of perinatal damage of the central nervous system in infants in the neonatal period

Questions of relevance and timeliness of diagnostics of perinatal disturbances of the central nervous system in newborns are considered in the article. Research objective was to determine the reliable recognition of the development of newborn encephalopathy at the age of the first two weeks of life according to neurological examination and neurosonography parameters with Doppler study of cerebral vessels. Features of the neurology status and data of ultrasonic examination of brain with Doppler study of cerebral vessels in 58 newborns with pathology of the nervous system and 23 healthy newborns are investigated. 10 sings of the neurological status and 10 parameters of ultrasonic examination are analyzed. By results of the obtained findings, prognostic rule is developed, governed by application of discriminant analysis of the studied signs, allowing to diagnose encephalopathy in newborn with sensitivity and specificity of 95% in the first week of life. Its application promotes timely identification and the beginning of therapy at infants from risk group of development of severe neurological dysfunction and preventing the growth of disability among infants. © 2017 Team of Authors

CD28 between tolerance and autoimmunity: The side effects of animal models [version 1; referees: 2 approved]

Regulation of immune responses is critical for ensuring pathogen clearance and for preventing reaction against self-antigens. Failure or breakdown of immunological tolerance results in autoimmunity. CD28 is an important co-stimulatory receptor expressed on T cells that, upon specific ligand binding, delivers signals essential for full T-cell activation and for the development and homeostasis of suppressive regulatory T cells. Many in vivo mouse models have been used for understanding the role of CD28 in the maintenance of immune homeostasis, thus leading to the development of CD28 signaling modulators that have been approved for the treatment of some autoimmune diseases. Despite all of this progress, a deeper understanding of the differences between the mouse and human receptor is required to allow a safe translation of pre-clinical studies in efficient therapies. In this review, we discuss the role of CD28 in tolerance and autoimmunity and the clinical efficacy of drugs that block or enhance CD28 signaling, by highlighting the success and failure of pre-clinical studies, when translated to humans

MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF DIAGNOSTICS OF PERINATAL DAMAGE OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IN INFANTS IN THE NEONATAL PERIOD

Questions of relevance and timeliness of diagnostics of perinatal disturbances of the central nervous system in newborns are considered in the article. Research objective was to determine the reliable recognition of the development of newborn encephalopathy at the age of the first two weeks of life according to neurological examination and neurosonography parameters with Doppler study of cerebral vessels. Features of the neurology status and data of ultrasonic examination of brain with Doppler study of cerebral vessels in 58 newborns with pathology of the nervous system and 23 healthy newborns are investigated. 10 sings of the neurological status and 10 parameters of ultrasonic examination are analyzed. By results of the obtained findings, prognostic rule is developed, governed by application of discriminant analysis of the studied signs, allowing to diagnose encephalopathy in newborn with sensitivity and specificity of 95% in the first week of life. Its application promotes timely identification and the beginning of therapy at infants from risk group of development of severe neurological dysfunction and preventing the growth of disability among infants

Assessment of health status of a population on the basis of entropy modeling

The potential use entropy modeling of multivariate stochastic systems in medicine has been shown on a concrete example. Assessment of the health status of rural male population, by the criteria of "healthy", "healthy", "sick" was made. Defined levels of entropy parameters which characterize the main risk factors of chronic non-communicable diseases according to the health groups. The greatest contribution of an individual parameter in the entropy of the population was selected in each group The degree of dependence of this parameter from the others was identified. It is established that the deterioration in health status leads to increased entropy in the population. This growth is caused by increase of entropy randomness. © 2005-2017