Evaluation of the effects of interval hypoxic-hyperoxic training in patients with metabolic syndrome

Abstract Introduction Metabolic syndrome (MS) as a “cluster” of interrelated disorders, including insulin resistance, visceral obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, is an serious clinical problem that is a high risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes, acceleration of the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases, and such increasingly common liver damage like non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. According to a number of authors, metabolic syndrome is a reversible condition, and with early diagnosis and treatment, a reduction in the severity of manifestations of this syndrome can be achieved. A significant role in the treatment of MS and obesity is played by non-drug methods – dosed physical activity, diet, various physiotherapeutic procedures, as well as interval hypoxic-hyperoxic training (IHHT). Objective Evaluation of the effect of interval hypoxic-hyperoxic training (IHHT) on the components of metabolic syndrome, and the possibility of their reversal recovery. Materials and methods The study included 65 patients (33 men) with metabolic syndrome, aged 29–66 years. The patients were divided into 2 groups: study and control (the groups were matched by sex, age, presence of MS components and number of comorbidities). Initially, anthropometric, laboratory and instrumental studies were carried out. The patients of the main group underwent a course of IHHT for 3 weeks, 5 days a week (15 workouts). Patients in the control group underwent a course of training simulating IHHT (placebo), which also consisted of 15 trainings. The duration of one procedure was 40 minutes. Next day after the end of the training course, the changes in all initial parameters were assessed. Results The statistical significance of changes after the IGGT course was assessed using the Wilcoxon test as p&amp;lt;0.05 and was detected in the main group according to the following parameters: reduction in arterial stiffness, measured using CAVI (Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index, on the Fukuda Denshi ap.), a decrease in the stage of liver fibrosis and stiffness of liver tissue (was realized by a non-invasive method, a liver elastometry, on the FibroScan ap. Echosense), a decrease in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, heat shot protein-70, a decrease in total cholesterol, low density lipoproteins, triglycerides levels. According to nitric oxide, transforming growth factor beta-1, heart-type fatty acid binding protein, there was no significant dynamics after the IHHT course in both groups. There was also a tendency towards a decrease in the indices of the abdominal/hip circumference, weight, and in blood pressure, but this results was not statistically significant, due to the insufficient power of the study (a small number of patients). Conclusions IHHT is a safe, well-tolerated procedure and is recommended in the therapeutic and prophylactic plan for patients with metabolic syndrome, and is effective in correcting and minimizing the components of this syndrome. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): This work was financed by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation within the framework of state support for the creation and development of World-Class Research Centers “Digital biodesign and personalized healthcare” </jats:sec

Volatomics in healthcare: technical basis and clinical application

Volatilome is a collection of all volatile compounds, both organic and inorganic, the source of which is the object under study. Unlike the metabolome, which includes only compounds of endogenous origin, the concept of volatilome includes substances of both endogenous and exogenous origin. Exhaled air volatilome contains thousands of metabolites and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are formed both in the respiratory tract and in the systems of internal organs and tissues. The study of the chemical composition of human exhalation can provide clinically useful information about the state of human health, while the studies are non-invasive and safe for the patient. The instrumental methods used in the study of human volatilome make it possible to online examine large numbers of patients. All this contributes to a high interest on the part of the medical community in the study of human exhaled air volatilome and suggests that the methods of these research methods have a high potential for implementation in clinical practice.</jats:p

APPLICATION OF INTERVALIC HYPOXIC-HYPEROXIC ENTRAINMENT TO PREVENTION OF INTRA AND EARLY POSTOPERATIONAL COMPLICATIONS IN CORONARY BYPASS GRAFTING

Aim. To assess possibility and safety of intervalic hypoxic-hyperoxic training (HHT) as a method of cardioprotection and metabolic adaptation of myocardium for onpump coronary bypass surgery.Material and methods. Totally, 80 coronary heart disease patients included, hospitalized to the clinics of aortic and cardiosurgery of the University hospital of Sechenov University. All had indications for the operation — direct myocardial revascularization with bypass grafting. In 5 days before surgery, according to the scheme of preparation, the patients were randomized to two groups (main — with HHT, and controls; n=40). The rate of complications was evaluated, during the operation and in post-surgery period. The level of troponin I was measured before operation, in 2 and 24 hours after, as well as level of lactate in venous blood before and after operation.Results. The rate of intraand early postsurgery complications in both groups did not differ significantly, though in the main there was tendency to decline of total rate of complications. In patients of HHT group median troponin I was significantly lower: 1,068 (0,388; 1,397) ng/L, when in controls — 1,980 (1,068; 3,239) ng/mL, р=0,012.Lactate level after HHT operation was significantly lower — 1,74 (1,23; 2,04) mM/L, comparing to the controls — 2,10 (1,80; 2,29) mM/L, р=0,04.Conclusion. The applicability and safety were demonstrated, of HHT as a method of cardioprotection in shunting of coronary arteries on-pump. Taken low number of  participants, it is important to conduct broader investigation on this type of entrainment

Remote Ischemic Preconditioning With the Use of Lower Limb Before Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery With Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Anesthesia With Propofol

Objective:to study potantial of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIP) as method of cardioprotection during coronary artery bypass surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and anesthesia with propofol.Materials and methods.We included in this study 87 patients (7 were excluded) with ischemic heart disease, hospitalized in the clinic of aortic and cardiovascular surgery of the I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University clinical hospital № 1. All patients had indications for direct myocardial revascularization by coronary artery bypass surgery. One day before operation patients were randomly assigned to 2 groups depending on preparation scheme: main group of RIP and the control group. The frequency of complications during surgery and in the postoperative period was assessed. Troponin I level was measured before, and in 2 and 24 hours after surgery. The level of lactate in the venous blood was measured before and after surgery.Results. Numbers of intraoperative and early postoperative complications in the main and control groups were similar. There were no differences between groups in troponin I and lactate levels after surgery.Conclusions.Remote ischemic preconditioning has no effect on the outcome of coronary artery bypass surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass and anesthesia with propofol.</jats:p

Hepatoprotective effect of diffractaic acid on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in rats

This study was designed to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of diffractaic acid isolated from a lichen species, Usnea longissima, at 3 doses, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic damage. For this purpose, 40 Wistar albino rats were divided in 5 groups, including 3 experimental and 2 control ones, and 0.2 mL/kg of CCl4 in olive oil (1:5 v/v) was injected daily for 6 weeks intraperitoneally. After the liver injury, diffractaic acid was applied at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg for 7 days. The group given physiologic saline (0.2 mL/kg) was used as a control group. Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, creatinine, urea, direct and total bilirubin and C-reactive protein levels were also evaluated in the serum samples obtained from the rat groups. Liver tissues were removed and were examined histopathologically following staining with hematoxylin-eosin. The results showed that 50 mg/kg daily dose of diffractaic acid could be considered to have hepatoprotective effect by ameliorating the studied biochemical parameters and tissue histological structures. However, 100 and 200 mg/kg of diffractaic acid acted as hepatotoxin and did not show any hepatoprotective effect. Thus, diffractaic acid could be potentially used as a hepatoprotective agent at a low dose (50 mg/kg) against acute liver toxicity induced by CCl4