Simultaneous Acquisition of the Polarized and Depolarized Raman Signal with a Single Detector

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

How to Tango: a manual for implementing Spine Tango

The generic approach of the Spine Tango documentation system, which uses web-based technologies, is a necessity for reaching a maximum number of participants. This, in turn, reduces the potential for customising the Tango according to the individual needs of each user. However, a number of possibilities still exist for tailoring the data collection processes to the user's own hospital workflow. One can choose between a purely paper-based set-up (with in-house scanning, data punching or mailing of forms to the data centre at the University of Bern) and completely paper-free online data entry. Many users work in a hybrid mode with online entry of surgical data and paper-based recording of the patients' perspectives using the Core Outcome Measures Index (COMI) questionnaires. Preoperatively, patients can complete their questionnaires in the outpatient clinic at the time of taking the decision about surgery or simply at the time of hospitalisation. Postoperative administration of patient data can involve questionnaire completion in the outpatient clinic, the handing over the forms at the time of discharge for their mailing back to the hospital later, sending out of questionnaires by post with a stamped addressed envelope for their return or, in exceptional circumstances, conducting telephone interviews. Eurospine encourages documentation of patient-based information before the hospitalisation period and surgeon-based information both before and during hospitalisation; both patient and surgeon data should be acquired for at least one follow-up, at a minimum of three to six months after surgery. In addition, all complications that occur after discharge, and their consequences should be recorde

A Chronoamperometric Kinetic Study of the Reduction of the Double Fe\u3csub\u3e4\u3c/sub\u3eS\u3csub\u3e4\u3c/sub\u3e Clustered Ferredoxin of Clostridium Pasteurianum by Methylviologen

In advancing our earlier work on single cluster redox proteins, we report here a chronoamperometric kinetic study of the homogeneous reduction of Clostridium pasteurianum ferredoxin (n = 2, U°7.6 = −395 mV versus n.h.e.) by methylviologen (U°7.0 = −420 mV). This ferredoxin has two Fe4S4* (S* = inorganic sulfide) clusters each of which has n = 1 and can be formally represented as 8 Fe0,0, 8 Fe0,r and 8 Fer,r′ This ferredoxin is similar to P. aerogenes ferredoxin for which the X-ray crystallographic structure shows that the two clusters are about 1.2 nm apart. Rates were determined at two temperatures. Using computer simulation of the catalytic mechanism with two homogeneous electron transfer steps, it was found that both electrons are transferred at equal rates, with k25°C = 4.7×105 M−1 s−1 and k15°C = 1.5 × 105M−1 s−1. Since k1 = k2 at both temperatures it is concluded that under these reducing conditions, where 8 Fe0,r does not come to equilibrium with other species during the reduction process, the two clusters operate independently of each other