Modification of Hydrolysis Lignin by Hydrogen Peroxide to Obtain an Effective Adsorbent of Highly Toxic Rocket Fuel

Lignin, a large scale by-product of papermaking and bioethanol production, is applied now in various fields. One of the main areas of use is in the development of different adsorbents, including those intended for detoxification of the spills of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine-based rocket fuel. The present work has shown the possibility of oxidative modification of hydrolytic lignin by hydrogen peroxide to improve the efficiency of the adsorbent. The change in functional composition of the modified adsorbent was studied by IR and NMR spectroscopy. It was shown that the oxidative treatment led to an increase in the content of carbonyl and carboxyl groups, which act as the active adsorption centres for hydrazine molecules. The optimum oxidation conditions were found. An increase in treatment duration from 15 to 120 min and in concentration of hydrogen peroxide from 6 to 30% did not have a significant effect on the functional composition and adsorption properties of lignin

Создание ортотопических опухолей в молочной железе мышей BALB/C NUDE клетками рака молочной железы человека MCF-7 и ее VDAC-дефицитными производными

Purpose to study the tumor-forming activity of wild-type MC F-7 cells carrying a full set of porins (VDAC 1, VDAC 2, VDAC 3), as well as their genetically modified cells, from which one of the isoforms was removed (MC F-7 VDAC 1 KO, MC F-7 VDAC 2 KO, MC F -7 VDAC 3 KO).Material and Methods. The study was aimed at establishing of an animal model of orthotopic tumors in the mammary gland of immunodeficient BAL B/c nude mice by implanting a suspension of human breast cancer cells (MC F-7) and derivatives of these cells generated by targeted knockout of one of the selected mitochondrial porin isoforms (VDAC 1, VDAC 2 or VDAC 3). Suspensions of either wild-type MC F-7 cell lines containing all three porin isoforms (VDAC 1, VDAC 2 and VDAC 3) or their VDAC -deficient derivatives (MC F-7 VDAC 1 KO, MC F-7 VDAC 2 KO and MC F-7 VDAC 3 KO) were injected into mammary fat pads of BAL B/c nude mice at a dose of 4x106 cells per injection. A pathomorphological analysis of the place of implantation of tumor cells, the tumor itself, as well as the organs of the abdominal and thoracic cavity was carried out.Results. The study shows the feasibility of successful creation of orthotopic tumors in the adipose tissue of immunodeficient BAL B/c nude mice with MC F-7 human breast cancer epithelial cells containing a complete set of mitochondrial porin isoforms and their VDAC -deficient derivatives. The tumor-forming activity of the implanted cells was shown to correlate with their cytotoxic effect on the internal organs of animals. Pathological analysis showed that all implanted cell cultures, such as MC F-7 WT, MC F-7 VDAC 2 KO and MC F-7 VDAC 3 KO, except for MC F-7 VDAC 1 KO cells, which did not form tumors, caused pathological changes in the lungs, liver and spleen, as well as the presence of other tumor-like lesions.Conclusion. The data obtained will be used to optimize the injection volume and cell number, as well as to refine the dynamics of tumor growth, suitable for studying the effect of anticancer drugs on tumors formed by human breast cancer cells (MC F-7) and its genetically modified VDAC -deficient derivatives.Цель исследования – изучить опухолеобразующую активность «диких» клеток MC F-7, несущих полный набор поринов (VDAC 1, VDAC 2, VDAC 3), а также их генетически модифицированных клеток, из которых удалена одна из изоформ (MC F-7 VDAC 1 KO, MC F-7 VDAC 2 KO, MC F-7 VDAC 3 KO).Материал и методы. Исследование направлено на создание животной модели ортотопических опухолей в молочной железе иммунодефицитных мышей BAL B/c Nude путем имплантации суспензии клеток рака молочной железы человека (MC F-7) и производных этих клеток, полученных нокаутом одной из выбранных изоформ митохондриальных поринов (VDAC 1, VDAC 2 или VDAC 3). Опухоли создавались путем инъекции в жировую ткань молочной железы мышей BAL B/c Nude суспензии клеточных линий либо диких MC F-7 (содержащих все три изоформы поринов, VDAC 1, VDAC 2 и VDAC 3) либо ее VDAC -дефицитных производных «MC F-7 VDAC 1 KO», «MC F-7 VDAC 2 KO» и «MC F-7 VDAC 3 KO» в дозе 4х106 клеток на одну инъекцию. Проведён патоморфологический анализ места имплантации опухолевых клеток, самой опухоли, а также органов брюшной и грудной полости.Результаты. Показана возможность успешного создания ортотопических опухолей в жировой ткани иммунодефицитных голых мышей BAL B/c Nude эпителиальными клетками рака молочной железы человека «MC F-7 WT», содержащими полный набор изоформ митохондриальных поринов и ее VDAC -дефицитными производными. Опухолеобразующая активность имплантированных клеток коррелирует с их цитотоксическим действием на внутренние органы животного. По результатам патоморфологического анализа можно сделать вывод о том, что за исключением клеток типа «MC F-7 VDAC 1 KO», которые не образовали опухолей, все остальные имплантированные клеточные культуры «MC F-7 WT», «MC F-7 VDAC 2 KO» и «MC F-7 VDAC 3 KO» вызывали патологические изменения состояния легких, печени и селезенки, а также наличие других опухолевидных новообразований.Заключение. Полученные данные будут использованы для оптимизации объема инъекции и количества клеток, а также для уточнения динамики роста опухолей, пригодного для изучения действия противоопухолевых препаратов на опухолях, образованных клетками рака молочной железы человека (MC F-7) и ее генетически модифицированными VDAC -дефицитными производными

Establishment of an orthotopic tumor model in the mammary gland of BALB/C nude mice using human breast cancer MCF-7 cells and their VDAC-deficient derivatives

Purpose to study the tumor-forming activity of wild-type MC F-7 cells carrying a full set of porins (VDAC 1, VDAC 2, VDAC 3), as well as their genetically modified cells, from which one of the isoforms was removed (MC F-7 VDAC 1 KO, MC F-7 VDAC 2 KO, MC F -7 VDAC 3 KO).Material and Methods. The study was aimed at establishing of an animal model of orthotopic tumors in the mammary gland of immunodeficient BAL B/c nude mice by implanting a suspension of human breast cancer cells (MC F-7) and derivatives of these cells generated by targeted knockout of one of the selected mitochondrial porin isoforms (VDAC 1, VDAC 2 or VDAC 3). Suspensions of either wild-type MC F-7 cell lines containing all three porin isoforms (VDAC 1, VDAC 2 and VDAC 3) or their VDAC -deficient derivatives (MC F-7 VDAC 1 KO, MC F-7 VDAC 2 KO and MC F-7 VDAC 3 KO) were injected into mammary fat pads of BAL B/c nude mice at a dose of 4x106 cells per injection. A pathomorphological analysis of the place of implantation of tumor cells, the tumor itself, as well as the organs of the abdominal and thoracic cavity was carried out.Results. The study shows the feasibility of successful creation of orthotopic tumors in the adipose tissue of immunodeficient BAL B/c nude mice with MC F-7 human breast cancer epithelial cells containing a complete set of mitochondrial porin isoforms and their VDAC -deficient derivatives. The tumor-forming activity of the implanted cells was shown to correlate with their cytotoxic effect on the internal organs of animals. Pathological analysis showed that all implanted cell cultures, such as MC F-7 WT, MC F-7 VDAC 2 KO and MC F-7 VDAC 3 KO, except for MC F-7 VDAC 1 KO cells, which did not form tumors, caused pathological changes in the lungs, liver and spleen, as well as the presence of other tumor-like lesions.Conclusion. The data obtained will be used to optimize the injection volume and cell number, as well as to refine the dynamics of tumor growth, suitable for studying the effect of anticancer drugs on tumors formed by human breast cancer cells (MC F-7) and its genetically modified VDAC -deficient derivatives.</jats:p

On the need to improve the legislation on laboratory animals

The authors have analyzed international experience in creating legal documents regulating the use of animals for scientific purposes. Topical issues related to the use of laboratory animals for scientific purposes in the Russian Federation, including for the purpose of preclinical studies on the efficacy and safety of new medicines, are discussed. The negative effects of the lack a clear and consistent legal framework for the organization and limits of the use of laboratory animals for research purposes in the Russian Federation are identified. Particular attention is paid to the issue of bioethics, the principles of ethical expertise of research activities involving laboratory animals and the issues of bioethical committees activities. The basic directions of perfection of normative-legal acts and methodological documents in the field of organization and limits of the use of laboratory animals for research purposes are proposed