The Negotiation of joint purpose in public private partnerships

Public private partnerships (PPPs) in project finance involve public and private sectors working together usually in the development of large scale public projects. Their involvement represents a form of collaboration within the partnerships between two dissimilar organizations with different goals. Therefore a key issue in PPPs is how such collaboration resolves their differences and strives to achieve a mutually beneficial relationship. To achieve such symbiosis, these two organizations will have to negotiate with a joint purpose. Negotiation of joint purpose has been discussed under collaboration and negotiation theory. Drawing first on the literature of collaboration theory, this paper set out to investigate how the negotiation of joint purpose can be extended into the literature of PPPs. It will then proceed to examine the key issues in the negotiation literature that are important in the negotiation of joint purpose in PPPs. It will finally argue that only through negotiation of joint purpose in PPPs, symbiotic goals can then be set. The paper concludes with an identification of some of the key research areas in collaboration that would be beneficial to the study and further research of PPPs

Abundance of the introduced seastar, Asterias amurensis, and spatial variability in soft sediment assemblages in SE Tasmania : clear correlations but complex interpretation

The northern Pacific seastar, Asterias amurensis, was first collected in southeast Tasmania in 1986. Mistaken for the endemic asteroid Uniophora granifera, its true identity was not realised until 1992. It is now a conspicuous predator in soft sediment habitats in this region, and is considered a major threat to native assemblages and commercial species. We examined the structure of soft sediment assemblages at different spatial scales in southeast Tasmania, and correlated spatial variation in community composition with seastar abundances. We found that the structure of soft sediment assemblages is highly variable at a range of spatial scales from metres to tens of kilometres. Clear differences in the composition of assemblages and abundances of major taxa were detected between areas with and without seastars and between areas with low and high seastar densities. However, the nature of these patterns suggests that they are more likely due to differences in sediment characteristics than due to impacts of the seastar. Thus, spatial differences in soft sediment assemblages might have been erroneously attributed to seastars without detailed information on important physical factors such as sediment characteristics. A second survey, using larger sampling units (1 m2) but across a more limited spatial extent, targeted bivalves and heart urchins that were identified as important prey of the seastar in observations of feeding and in experimental studies. Large-scale patterns of abundance and size structure were consistent with seastar effects anticipated from small-scale experimental and feeding studies for some, but not all, species. While the field survey ultimately provided evidence about the presence or absence of seastar impacts at large-scales, the identification of key ecological variables in experimental and feeding studies proved crucial to both the design and interpretation of patterns observed in the large-scale surveys. Overall, this work highlighted the necessity to consider multiple lines of evidence rather than relying on a single ‘inferential’ test, in the absence of pre-impact data

Progress towards a 256 channel multi-anode microchannel plate photomultiplier system with picosecond timing

Despite the rapid advances in solid state technologies such as the silicon photomultiplier (SiPM), microchannel plate (MCP) photomultipliers still offer a proven and practical technological solution for high channel count pixellated photon-counting systems with very high time resolution. We describe progress towards a 256 channel optical photon-counting system using CERN-developed NINO and HTDC ASICs, and designed primarily for time resolved spectroscopy in life science applications. Having previously built and demonstrated a 18 mm diameter prototype tube with an 8×8 channel readout configuration and <43 ps rms single photon timing resolution, we are currently developing a 40 mm device with a 32×32 channel readout. Initially this will be populated with a 256 channel electronics system comprising four sets of modular 64 channel preamplifier/discriminator, and time-to-digital converter units, arranged in a compact three dimensional configuration. We describe the detector and electronics design and operation, and present performance measurements from the 256 channel development system. We discuss enhancements to the system including higher channel count and the use of application specific on-board signal processing capabilities. © 2011 Elsevier B.V

Front-end electronics of the Compact High Energy Camera

The Compact High Energy Camera is a focal plane camera designed for two mirror Schwarzschild–Couder design imaging air Cherenkov telescopes such as the SST-2M variants on the Cherenkov Telescope Array. It utilises a 2048-pixel array of silicon photomultipliers arranged in thirty-two 8 x 8 pixel tiles. Each detector tile is instrumented with a front-end electronics module designed to provide single photon counting with sub-nanosecond timing, full-waveform digitisation and event triggering capabilities based around TARGET ASICs. Performance results including triggering, digitiser noise, signal crosstalk, linearity and dynamic range from initial laboratory tests have been collated and are presented

The rise and fall of Serial Verb Constructions: Finale

This article concludes the special issue of Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics Plus dedicated to the diachrony of Serial Verb Constructions. The authors of the ten contributions included in the volume discuss the most important results of their studies and suggest the possible lines for future research