Quantum Walk of Two Interacting Bosons

We study the effect of interactions on the bosonic two-particle quantum walk and its corresponding spatial correlations. The combined effect of interactions and Hanbury-Brown Twiss interference results in unique spatial correlations which depend on the strength of the interaction, but not on its sign. The results are explained in light of the two-particle spectrum and the physics of attractively and repulsively bound pairs. We experimentally measure the weak interaction limit of these effects in nonlinear photonic lattices. Finally, we discuss an experimental approach to observe the strong interaction limit using single atoms in optical lattices.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures. Comments wellcom

A prospective study of endometriosis and its outcome at tertiary care centre

Background: This study was conducted to detect various presenting clinical features, type and severity of pelvic endometriosis according to revised American fertility society classification. Objective of this study was to assess outcome of endometriosis after medical and surgical treatment in form of pregnancy, reduction of symptoms like dysmenorrhoea, dyspareunia and others.Methods: This prospective study conducted at one of tertiary care teaching institutes for period of 3 years from January 2011 to December 2013. A total number of 100 patients of pelvic endometriosis were examined and divided according to Revised American Fertility Society Classification on bases of severity, type and clinical features and laparoscopic findings. After 1 year of follow up, outcome assessed after completion of medical and surgical treatment in form of pregnancy, reduction of dysmenorrhoea and dyspareunia and other symptoms.Results: This study showed most affected patients (46%) belongs to 26-30 years of age group, dysmenorrhoea was the most common presenting symptoms in 76% patients. Most common site affected (52%) was ovaries. Laparoscopy was done in 86% patients. Most patients (44%) were benefited with fulguration of endometriotic nodules. 62% of patients were given oral contraceptive pills or progesterone pills after definitive surgery as freely available in Governmental setup and fewer side effects as compared to Danazol and GnRH analogues. 40 patients became pregnant after medical and surgical treatment, where 60 patients had reduced dysmenorrhoea and 20 patients had reduced dyspareunia.Conclusions: Laparoscopy is gold standard diagnostic as well as therapeutic tool in pelvic endometriosis as it can rule out other causes of infertility without interfering normal anatomy

Study of fetomaternal outcome in twin pregnancy

Background: Twin pregnancy being one of the causes of high-risk pregnancy is associated with both maternal and fetal complications. This study aims at analysing the fetal and maternal outcome in such cases. All cases were studied according to their parity, maternal age, fetal presentation, mode of delivery and gestational age.Methods: This prospective study was conducted at one of the tertiary care teaching institutes over a period of one year from January 2018 to December 2018. Out of a total number of 7295 deliveries, 130 were twin pregnancy. It included all women admitted in labour room with clinical or ultrasound diagnosis of twin pregnancy after 20 weeks of gestation.Results: In the present study incidence of twin pregnancy was 1.78%. We observed the highest incidence of twins in the age group of 20-29 years. The least incidence was below the age of 20 years. Incidence of twin pregnancy in our study in primipara was 47.7% and in multipara was 52.3%. Most of the patients (43%) delivered at 32-36 weeks of gestation. Maternal complications were noticed as anemia in 29.2% patients, pregnancy induced hypertension in 55.4% patients, post-partum hemorrhage in 4.6% patients, polyhydramnios in 3.1% patients, premature rupture of membranes in 8.5% patients, gestational diabetes in 0.8% patients and urinary tract infection in 2.3% patients. Majority of the patients delivered vaginally (60.8%), others by lower segment cesarean section (LSCS). In this study 95.8% babies were low birth weight. There were 34 neonatal deaths (13%).Conclusions: Twin pregnancy is a high-risk pregnancy associated with significantly increased maternal morbidity, neonatal morbidity and mortality. Such pregnancies require good antenatal care, early detection of maternal and fetal complications and timely referral to a centre well equipped for management of such cases.

A prospective observational study of breech pregnancy in a tertiary care centre

Background: Breech presentation is the commonest of all mal presentations. Vaginal delivery of breech presentation at term is associated with a much higher perinatal mortality and morbidity than that of vertex presentation.Methods: This prospective study was carried out in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, S. S. G. Hospital, Baroda for a period of six months from 1st May 2019 to 31st October 2019. Out of a total number of 4476 deliveries, 159 were breech pregnancy. It included all the women admitted in labour room or ward who delivered with clinical or ultrasound diagnosis of breech presentation after 20 weeks of gestation.Results: In the present study incidence of breech pregnancy was 3.6%. Authors observed the highest incidence of breech pregnancy in the age group of 20 to 25 years. Maximum (62.9%) cases delivered after 37 weeks of gestation. In our study 62.3% cases were primigravida and 37.7% were multigravida. Majority of cases (77.4%) delivered by caesarean section. Among all the babies born 50.6% were having birth weight of less than 2.5 kg.Conclusions: Authors need to study and analyse all cases of breech pregnancy individually to decide the management and mode of delivery depending on cases to case basis and expertise of the staff available. Delivery of breech foetus should be conducted by experience obstetrician after appropriate consent from pregnant women and her relatives

Stability of a three species ecological system consisting of prey- predator species and a third species which is a host to the prey and enemy to the predator

Prey-Predator ecological system was presented by Lotka and Volterra in their classical model. Inspired by that, several researchers made significant contributions in this area by considering various special types of interactions between the prey and the predator. This has been the motivation for others in bringing a third species into the system thus forming a three species ecological system. Recently, some researchers worked on this three species system by considering interactions like Prey-Predator, Commensal -Host, Ammensal-Enemy, between the three species, which motivated the present paper. In this paper we discussed a three species ecological system consisting of a Prey (S1), a Predator (S2) and a third species (S3) which is a host to the prey and enemy to the predator.  Hence the prey plays Commensal for the third species and the predator plays Ammensal for the same. The mathematical model consists of three equations which constitute a set of three first order non-linear simultaneous differential equations in N1, N2 and N3, which are respective populations of the species S1, S2 and S3.The Equation for the third species is non-linear but decoupled with the prey-predator pair. Totally, eight equilibrium points of the model are identified and the criteria for their local stability are discussed. Solutions for the linearized perturbed equations are found and the results are illustrated.&nbsp

Effectiveness of smart charging of electric vehicles under power limitations

This article investigates charging strategies for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) as part of the energy system. The objective was to increase the combined all-electric mileage (total distance driven using only the traction batteries in each PHEV) when the total charging power at each workplace is subject to severe limitations imposed by the energy system. In order to allocate this power optimally, different input variables, such as state-of-charge, battery size, travel distance, and parking time, were considered. The required vehicle mobility was generated using a novel agent-based model that describes the spatiotemporal movement of individual PHEVs. The results show that, in the case of Helsinki (Finland), smart control strategies could lead to an increase of over 5% in the all-electric mileage compared to a no-control strategy. With a high prediction error, or with a particularly small or large battery, the benefits of smart charging fade off. Smart PHEV charging strategies, when applied to the optimal allocation of limited charging power between the cars of a vehicle fleet, seem counterintuitively to provide only a modest increase in the all-electric mileage. A simple charging strategy based on allocating power to PHEVs equally could thus perform sufficiently well. This finding may be important for the future planning of smart grids as limiting the charging power of larger PHEV fleets will sometimes be necessary as a result of grid restrictions.Peer reviewe

C1q acts in the tumour microenvironment as a cancer-promoting factor independently of complement activation

Complement C1q is the activator of the classical pathway. However, it is now recognized that C1q can exert functions unrelated to complement activation. Here we show that C1q, but not C4, is expressed in the stroma and vascular endothelium of several human malignant tumours. Compared with wild-type (WT) or C3- or C5-deficient mice, C1q-deficient (C1qa(-/-)) mice bearing a syngeneic B16 melanoma exhibit a slower tumour growth and prolonged survival. This effect is not attributable to differences in the tumour-infiltrating immune cells. Tumours developing in WT mice display early deposition of C1q, higher vascular density and an increase in the number of lung metastases compared with C1qa(-/-) mice. Bone marrow (BM) chimeras between C1qa(-/-) and WT mice identify non-BM-derived cells as the main local source of C1q that can promote cancer cell adhesion, migration and proliferation. Together these findings support a role for locally synthesized C1q in promoting tumour growth

A study of caesarean section at full cervical dilatation

Background: Caesarean sections performed in the second stage of labour are difficult and have many implications on both mother and baby. This study was conducted to analyse fetal and maternal outcome in case of caesarean section at full cervical dilatation.Methods: This prospective study was conducted at one of tertiary care teaching institute for period of 1st August 2019 to 31st January 2020. It includes all women delivered by caesarean section at full cervical dilatation at study institute during study period. Cases were looked for parity, maternal age, gestational age, baby birth weight, indication of cesarean section and associated factors.Results: Out of total 3657 deliveries 1690 were delivered by caesarean section, out of which 65 (3.8%) caesarean sections were conducted at full cervical dilation. The most common indication of caesarean section was deep transverse arrest in 66.15% of cases. The maximum number of cases (69.23%) were seen between the age group of 20 to 25 years. Majority of second stage cesarean section (70.77%) were performed in primi gravida. 80% of caesarean sections at full cervical dilatation were performed after 37 weeks of gestation. 15.38% of patients had anemia, 20% had hypertension, 4.61% had history of previous caesarean section. Baby weight at time of birth was 2.5 to 3.5 kg in 67.70% of cases. 15.38% of patients required blood transfusion.Conclusions: A skilled obstetrician is required to take timely and proper decision in such cases and also to conduct cesarean section at second stage of labour

DC Network Indoor and Outdoor LED Lighting

LED lighting products have become a significant revolution in this technological sector. These components are, by nature, digital emitters created with semiconductor crystals that are powered with very low voltage and direct current (DC). Under these conditions, they have become one of the most relevant actors in the present tendency that is recovering the DC as the channel to transport and distribute energy and is reinforcing the photovoltaic (PV) panels as a relevant sustainable energy source that allows to improve the efficiencies of all types of lighting installations with the local self-generated energy. An analysis of the working principles of this component and the mechanism implemented for their control as lighting equipment to be powered with both conventional alternate current (AC) and DC is presented. A specific differentiation is done upon indoor and outdoor applications where new standards and regulations, specific technical procedures, and singular experimental project descriptions are detailed. The results expose the advantages and difficulties of implementation of this new DC paradigm, the main conclusion obtained up to this moment, and trends of future evolution