8,542 research outputs found
Is it possible to Measure the Weak Phase of a Penguin Diagram?
The penguin amplitude receives contributions from internal ,
and -quarks. We show that it is impossible to measure the weak phase of any
of these penguin contributions without theoretical input. However, a single
assumption involving the hadronic parameters makes it possible to obtain the
weak phase and test for the presence of new physics in the
flavour-changing neutral current.Comment: 4 pages, latex, no figures, talk given by R. Sinha at the 3rd
International Conference on B Physics and CP Violation, Taipei, Taiwan,
December 3-7, 1999, to appear in the Proceeding
Probing New Physics via an Angular Analysis of B --> V1 V2 decays
We show that an angular analysis of B --> V1 V2 decays yields numerous tests
for new physics in the decay amplitudes. Unlike direct CP asymmetries, many of
these new-physics observables are nonzero even if the strong phase differences
vanish. For certain observables, neither time-dependent measurements nor
tagging is necessary. Should a signal for new physics be found, one can place a
lower limit on the size of the new-physics parameters, as well as on their
effect on the measurement of the phase of B0--Bbar0 mixing.Comment: 9 pages, plain latex, no figures. Title modified slightly. Paragraph
added about viability of method. Conclusions unchanged. To be published in
Europhysics Letter
Precession during merger 1: Strong polarization changes are observationally accessible features of strong-field gravity during binary black hole merger
The short gravitational wave signal from the merger of compact binaries
encodes a surprising amount of information about the strong-field dynamics of
merger into frequencies accessible to ground-based interferometers. In this
paper we describe a previously-unknown "precession" of the peak emission
direction with time, both before and after the merger, about the total angular
momentum direction. We demonstrate the gravitational wave polarization encodes
the orientation of this direction to the line of sight. We argue the effects of
polarization can be estimated nonparametrically, directly from the
gravitational wave signal as seen along one line of sight, as a slowly-varying
feature on top of a rapidly-varying carrier. After merger, our results can be
interpreted as a coherent excitation of quasinormal modes of different angular
orders, a superposition which naturally "precesses" and modulates the
line-of-sight amplitude. Recent analytic calculations have arrived at a similar
geometric interpretation. We suspect the line-of-sight polarization content
will be a convenient observable with which to define new high-precision tests
of general relativity using gravitational waves. Additionally, as the nonlinear
merger process seeds the initial coherent perturbation, we speculate the
amplitude of this effect provides a new probe of the strong-field dynamics
during merger. To demonstrate the ubiquity of the effects we describe, we
summarize the post-merger evolution of 104 generic precessing binary mergers.
Finally, we provide estimates for the detectable impacts of precession on the
waveforms from high-mass sources. These expressions may identify new precessing
binary parameters whose waveforms are dissimilar from the existing sample.Comment: 11 figures; v2 includes response to referee suggestion
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COVID-19 Infection: Implications for Perioperative and Critical Care Physicians.
Healthcare systems worldwide are responding to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), an emerging infectious syndrome caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. Patients with COVID-19 can progress from asymptomatic or mild illness to hypoxemic respiratory failure or multisystem organ failure, necessitating intubation and intensive care management. Healthcare providers, and particularly anesthesiologists, are at the frontline of this epidemic, and they need to be aware of the best available evidence to guide therapeutic management of patients with COVID-19 and to keep themselves safe while doing so. Here, the authors review COVID-19 pathogenesis, presentation, diagnosis, and potential therapeutics, with a focus on management of COVID-19-associated respiratory failure. The authors draw on literature from other viral epidemics, treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome, and recent publications on COVID-19, as well as guidelines from major health organizations. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the evidence currently available to guide management of critically ill patients with COVID-19
Exploring CP Violation with B_d -> D K_s Decays
We (re)examine CP violation in the decays B_d -> D K_s, where D represents
D^0, D(bar), or one of their excited states. The quantity can be extracted from the time-dependent rates for and , where the decays to
. If one considers a non-CP-eigenstate hadronic final state to
which both D(bar) and D^0 can decay (e.g. ), then one can obtain two
of the angles of the unitarity triangle from measurements of the time-dependent
rates for and .
There are no penguin contributions to these decays, so all measurements are
theoretically clean.Comment: 15 pages, LaTeX, no figure
The two-fluid model with superfluid entropy
The two-fluid model of liquid helium is generalized to the case that the
superfluid fraction has a small entropy content. We present theoretical
arguments in favour of such a small superfluid entropy. In the generalized
two-fluid model various sound modes of HeII are investigated. In a
superleak carrying a persistent current the superfluid entropy leads to a new
sound mode which we call sixth sound. The relation between the sixth sound and
the superfluid entropy is discussed in detail.Comment: 22 pages, latex, published in Nuovo Cimento 16 D (1994) 37
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N-Acetyl and Glutamatergic Neurometabolites in Perisylvian Brain Regions of Methamphetamine Users.
Background:Methamphetamine induces neuronal N-acetyl-aspartate synthesis in preclinical studies. In a preliminary human proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging investigation, we also observed that N-acetyl-aspartate+N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate in right inferior frontal cortex correlated with years of heavy methamphetamine abuse. In the same brain region, glutamate+glutamine is lower in methamphetamine users than in controls and is negatively correlated with depression. N-acetyl and glutamatergic neurochemistries therefore merit further investigation in methamphetamine abuse and the associated mood symptoms. Methods:Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging was used to measure N-acetyl-aspartate+N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate and glutamate+glutamine in bilateral inferior frontal cortex and insula, a neighboring perisylvian region affected by methamphetamine, of 45 abstinent methamphetamine-dependent and 45 healthy control participants. Regional neurometabolite levels were tested for group differences and associations with duration of heavy methamphetamine use, depressive symptoms, and state anxiety. Results:In right inferior frontal cortex, N-acetyl-aspartate+N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate correlated with years of heavy methamphetamine use (r = +0.45); glutamate+glutamine was lower in methamphetamine users than in controls (9.3%) and correlated negatively with depressive symptoms (r = -0.44). In left insula, N-acetyl-aspartate+N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate was 9.1% higher in methamphetamine users than controls. In right insula, glutamate+glutamine was 12.3% lower in methamphetamine users than controls and correlated negatively with depressive symptoms (r = -0.51) and state anxiety (r = -0.47). Conclusions:The inferior frontal cortex and insula show methamphetamine-related abnormalities, consistent with prior observations of increased cortical N-acetyl-aspartate in methamphetamine-exposed animal models and associations between cortical glutamate and mood in human methamphetamine users
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