Iron redox pathway revealed in ferritin via electron transfer analysis.

Ferritin protein is involved in biological tissues in the storage and management of iron - an essential micro-nutrient in the majority of living systems. While there are extensive studies on iron-loaded ferritin, its functionality in iron delivery is not completely clear. Here, for the first time, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) has been successfully adapted to address the challenge of resolving a cascade of fast and co-occurring redox steps in enzymatic systems such as ferritin. Using DPV, comparative analysis of ferritins from two evolutionary-distant organisms has allowed us to propose a stepwise resolution for the complex mix of concurrent redox steps that is inherent to ferritins and to fine-tune the structure-function relationship of each redox step. Indeed, the cyclic conversion between Fe3+ and Fe2+ as well as the different oxidative steps of the various ferroxidase centers already known in ferritins were successfully discriminated, bringing new evidence that both the 3-fold and 4-fold channels can be functional in ferritin

Observations on the cultivation of M.leprae and M. tuberculosis in medium V and V1

Skin scrapings from five different active sites were collected from 14 leprosy patients and inoculated into medium V. Shin scrapings from three leprosy patients were inoculated into medium V 1. All the cultures were incubated at 8-10°C. M. tuberculosis H37Rv, pretreatment isoloates and streptomycin resistant strains were inoculated into medium V, with and without antibiotics, and incubated at 8-10°C as well as 37°C. Smears were made from the M. leprae and M. tuberculosis cultures at 0 hours and at different time points. The number of bacilli in the smears were counted. There was no increase in the number of M. leprae or M. tuberculosis in any of the cultures

How did the Welsh government manage to reform council tax in 2005?

Repeated calls have been made for council tax (CT) in the UK to be reformed. A ‘tyranny of the status quo’ suggests that politicians will avoid this because they fear a backlash from the losers of reform. This paper claims that the tyranny of the status quo is not a fixed law. The Welsh government revalued CT in 2005 but did not communicate the complexity of reform sufficiently. Reform requires greater efforts to communicate the complexity of winning and losing

Spin waves: theory and applications

Magnetic materials can support propagating waves of magnetization; since these are oscillations in the magneto static properties of the material, they are called magneto static waves (sometimes 'magnons' or 'magnetic polarons'). This book discusses magnetic properties of materials, and magnetic moments of atoms and ionsIntroduces magnetism and discusses magnetic properties of materials, magnetic moments of atoms and ions, and the elements important to magnetismCovers magnetic susceptibilities and electromagnetic waves in anisotropic dispersive media among other topicsContains problems at the end of each chapter, many of which serve to expand or explain the material in the textIncludes bibliographies for each chapter that give an entry to the research literature

Study the Relation between Working Capital System and Profitability in Auto Manufacturing Industry in India

The new economic policy adopted in India in 1991 known as Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization (LPG model). This policy  has been designed to make the Indian economy progressively market oriented and integrate it with the emerging global economy structure. Therefore, in line with this policy it was very indispensable to analyze the working management and some financial ratios in some selected Auto manufacturing companies. The purpose of the study was to analyze the practice of working capital Management and Asset and liquidity ratios in six selected Indian auto manufacturing companies. For this aforementioned study, a time series data for the years 2003- 2012 has been employed and a secondary data from the annual reports of the six companies was solicited. Both qualitative and quantitative paradigms were employed so as to analyze the research. Regarding  the relation between working capital and turnover analysis,  index of  inventory turnover, debtors turnover ratio, total assets turnover ratio and  fixed assets turnover ratio were used. . The minimum inventory turnover ratio chain index among all selected companies  was founded  in Ashok Leyland in 2009-2010 that was 74.60 and  the maximum was  founded in Maruti Suzuki that was  214.76 in 2010-2011. TVS Motor was denoted by the minimum debtors turnover ratio chain index among all selected companies in 2009-2010 that was 55.68 and the maximum debtors turnover ratio chain index was in Maruti Suzuki that was 438.51 in 2010-2011. TVS Motor was denoted by the minimum total assets turnover ratio chain index among all selected companies in 2008-2009  that was 43.15 and the maximum was Ashok Leyland in 2006-2007 that was 176.92. . The minimum fixed assets turnover ratio chain index  among selected companies was  founded in Ashok Leyland in 2009-2010 that was 61.94. The maximum fixed assets turnover ratio chain index among, selected companies was  founded in  Hero MotoCorp in 2005 -2006 that was 174.41. Keywords: Turnover, profitability, “Working capital Auto manufacturing companies”

A single photoelectron transistor for quantum optical communications

A single photoelectron can be trapped and its photoelectric charge detected by a source/drain channel in a transistor. Such a transistor photodetector can be useful for flagging the safe arrival of a photon in a quantum repeater. The electron trap can be photo-ionized and repeatedly reset for the arrival of successive individual photons. This single photoelectron transistor (SPT) operating at the lambda = 1.3 mu m tele-communication band, was demonstrated by using a windowed-gate double-quantum-well InGaAs/InAlAs/InP heterostructure that was designed to provide near-zero electron g-factor. The g-factor engineering allows selection rules that would convert a photon's polarization to an electron spin polarization. The safe arrival of the photo-electric charge would trigger the commencement of the teleportation algorithm

Annihilation of vortex dipoles in an Oblate Bose-Einstein Condensate

We theoretically explore the annihilation of vortex dipoles, generated when an obstacle moves through an oblate Bose-Einstein condensate, and examine the energetics of the annihilation event. We show that the gray soliton, which results from the vortex dipole annihilation, is lower in energy than the vortex dipole. We also investigate the annihilation events numerically and observe that the annihilation occurs only when the vortex dipole overtakes the obstacle and comes closer than the coherence length. Furthermore, we find that the noise reduces the probability of annihilation events. This may explain the lack of annihilation events in experimental realizations.Comment: 8 pages and 9 figure

Economic Feasibility of Vegetable Production under Polyhouse:A Case Study of Capsicum and Tomato

Polyhouse cultivation of vegetables is emerging as a specialized production technology to overcome biotic and abiotic stresses and to break the seasonal barrier to production. It also ensures round the year production of highvalue vegetables, like capsicum, especially, during off-season. Cost is the major issue in sustaining this technology. The present study examined the economic viability of production of capsicum and tomato in a naturally ventilated polyhouse of medium cost category with drip irrigation system. Data were generated by cost accounting method for estimating the feasibility of production and was analyzed by using project evaluation methods, like Pay Back Period (PBP), Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR), Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). Cultivation of capsicum in a polyhouse was found to be highly feasible as reflected in higher values of NPV (Rs.3,23,145/500 m2), BCR (1.80) and IRR (53.7%) with payback period of less than two years. Breakeven price for capsicum production in a polyhouse (Rs.11.80/kg) was lesser than average wholesale price. Production of tomato in a polyhouse was found not feasible, as the breakeven price was more than the average market price and all the project appraisal parameters indicated that it was not feasible. Only at about 48% premium price over the prevailing market price or reduction of cost of polyhouse structure by 60% from Rs.400 to Rs.160 /m2, could make the tomato production viable in a poly house

BCG: Do we have an alternative?

Vaccination is generally used as a form of immunoprophylaxis, so that administration of the vaccine even a long. time before exposure to the wild-type infectious organism should afford protection. Since effector T and B cells are short-lived, a prime requisite for a vaccine is to generate immunological memory.1 In the case organisms such as mycobacteria which are obligate intracellular pathogens and which elicit granulomatous tissue reactions, artificial immunisation with live bacteria is required to induce protection.2,3 The only existing vaccine against tuberculosis is the BCG (Bacille Calmette - Guerin), an attenuated strain of M.bovis and it is mandatory or officially recommended in 182 countries or territories. Under the Expanded Programme on Immuisation (EPT) started by the Government of India in 1978, BCG is recommended to be given to all infants 3-9 months after birth.