3D Digitalization of the Human Body for Use in Orthotics and Prosthetics

The motivation of this work was to find a suitable 3D scanner for human body parts digitalization in the field of prosthetics and orthotics. The main project objective is to compare the three hand-held portable scanners (two optical and one laser) and two optical tripod scanners. The comparison was made with respect of scanning detail, simplicity of operation and ability to scan directly on the human body. Testing was carried out on a plaster cast of the upper limb and directly on a few volunteers. The objective monitored parameters were time of digitizing and post-processing of 3D data and resulting visual data quality. Subjectively, it was considered level of usage and handling of the scanner. The new tripod was developed to improve the face scanning conditions. The results provide an overview of the suitability of different types of scanners

3D Topological Scanning and Multi-material Additive Manufacturing for Facial Prosthesis Development

Prosthetic-based rehabilitation is an alternative to and offers several advantages over surgical intervention. Prosthetic devices are commonly handmade, requiring significant amounts of skilled labour and subjective manufacturing techniques. This chapter discusses the use of industrial optical scanning methods to capture the surface topology from a volunteer’s facial anatomy. This data was then used to generate a 3D CAD model, which was further used to design a patient-specific prosthesis. Amongst the many advantages over the existing techniques are that data collection is non-intrusive, quick to collect and provides anatomically precise information. The use of 3D CAD models provides greater flexibility when developing and evaluating design iterations and further allows for the creation of ‘part libraries’ for use where patients have no initial reference anatomy. Such patient data can also be kept on record should it be required for future use. The final prosthesis is realised through high-resolution, multi-material additive manufacturing, providing precise model reproduction and adding functionality such as mimicry of soft and hard tissues. This approach provides an optimised, low-cost method for streamlining similar prosthesis production

Information-Rich Manufacturing Metrology

Part 4: Digital Technologies and Industry 4.0 ApplicationsInternational audienceInformation-rich metrology (IRM) is a new term that refers to an approach, where the conventional paradigm of measurement is transcended, thanks to the introduction and active role of multiple novel sources of information. The overarching goal of IRM is to encompass and homogenise all those measurement scenarios where information available from heterogeneous sources, for example, from the object being measured, the manufacturing process that was used to fabricate it, the workings of the measurement instrument itself, as well as from any previous measurements carried with any other instrument, is gathered and somewhat incorporated with an active role into the measurement pipeline in order to ultimately achieve a higher-quality measurement result (better metrological performance, shorter measurement times, smaller consumption of resources). Examples of IRM in action in precision and additive manufacturing will be presented, including the measurement of form and texture