15 research outputs found
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Anodic oxidation of tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid in alkaine solutions
Electrochemical oxidation is being increasingly considered in recent years as a technique to destroy organic compounds in industrial waste. Johnson studied the anodic oxidation of HEDTA on platinum in acid sulfate solutions. Polarizations relationships were obtained and numerous reactions products were identified that indicated a sequential removal of acetate groups from the EDTA. The initial decarboxylation was followed by a reverse Schiff-type reaction which produced formaldehyde and the corresponding amine. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Na{sub 4}EDTA) could be oxidized on platinum in alkaline solutions and to obtain information about the electrochemical reaction kinetics necessary to model the electrochemical destruction of Na{sub 4}EDTA in alkaline solutions
Identification and evaluation of progressive thermal degradation caused by carbamate formation in cyanate ester resin-based composites
Studies on the Liberation of Fatty Acids from 2-Lysophosphatidylcholine by a Liver Lysosomal Enzyme Activity from Chloroquine-Treated Rats
Investigation of Electro-Oxidation of Methanol and Benzyl Alcohol at Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode: Evidence for the Mechanism for Fouling Film Formation
Evaluation of CareStart™ Malaria HRP2/pLDH (Pf/pan) Combo Test in a malaria low transmission region of Senegal
A tiling array-based comparative genomic hybridization approach to predict copy number variations between Plasmodium falciparum field isolates from the Indian Sub-continent
Low Parasitemia in Submicroscopic Infections Significantly Impacts Malaria Diagnostic Sensitivity in the Highlands of Western Kenya
Asymptomatic malaria infections represent a major challenge in malaria control and elimination in Africa. They are reservoirs of malaria parasite that can contribute to disease transmission. Therefore, identification and control of asymptomatic infections are important to make malaria elimination feasible. In this study, we investigated the extent and distribution of asymptomatic malaria in Western Kenya and examined how varying parasitemia affects performance of diagnostic methods including microscopy, conventional PCR, and quantitative PCR. In addition, we compared parasite prevalence rates and parasitemia levels with respect to topography and age in order to explore factors that influence malaria infection. Over 11,000 asymptomatic blood samples from children and adolescents up to 18 years old representing broad areas of Western Kenya were included. Quantitative PCR revealed the highest parasite positive rate among all methods and malaria prevalence in western Kenya varied widely from less than 1% to over 50%. A significantly lower parasitemia was detected in highland than in lowland samples and this contrast was also observed primarily among submicroscopic samples. Although we found no correlation between parasitemia level and age, individuals of younger age group (aged <14) showed significantly higher parasite prevalence. In the lowlands, individuals of aged 5-14 showed significantly higher prevalence than those under age 5. Our findings highlight the need for a more sensitive and time-efficient assay for asymptomatic malaria detection particularly in areas of low-transmission. Combining QPCR with microscopy can enhance the capacity of detecting submicroscopic asymptomatic malaria infections