11,995 research outputs found
A statistical mechanics framework for static granular matter
The physical properties of granular materials have been extensively studied
in recent years. So far, however, there exists no theoretical framework which
can explain the observations in a unified manner beyond the phenomenological
jamming diagram [1]. This work focuses on the case of static granular matter,
where we have constructed a statistical ensemble [2] which mirrors equilibrium
statistical mechanics. This ensemble, which is based on the conservation
properties of the stress tensor, is distinct from the original Edwards ensemble
and applies to packings of deformable grains. We combine it with a field
theoretical analysis of the packings, where the field is the Airy stress
function derived from the force and torque balance conditions. In this
framework, Point J characterized by a diverging stiffness of the pressure
fluctuations. Separately, we present a phenomenological mean-field theory of
the jamming transition, which incorporates the mean contact number as a
variable. We link both approaches in the context of the marginal rigidity
picture proposed by [3, 4].Comment: 21 pages, 15 figure
Electron Correlations in a Quantum Dot with Bychkov-Rashba Coupling
We report on a theoretical approach developed to investigate the influence of
Bychkov-Rashba interaction on a few interacting electrons confined in a quantum
dot. We note that the spin-orbit coupling profoundly influences the energy
spectrum of interacting electrons in a quantum dot. Inter-electron interaction
causes level crossings in the ground state and a jump in magnetization. As the
coupling strength is increased, that jump is shifted to lower magnetic fields.
Low-field magnetization will therefore provide a direct probe of the spin-orbit
coupling strength in a quantum dot
Generalised Einstein Relation for Hot Brownian Motion
The Brownian motion of a hot nanoparticle is described by an effective Markov
theory based on fluctuating hydrodynamics. Its predictions are scrutinized over
a wide temperature range using large-scale molecular dynamics simulations of a
hot nanoparticle in a Lennard-Jones fluid. The particle positions and momenta
are found to be Boltzmann distributed according to distinct effective
temperatures and . For we
derive a formally exact theoretical prediction and establish a generalised
Einstein relation that links it to directly measurable quantities
Preparation of eicosapentaenoic acid concentrates from sardine oil by Bacillus circulans lipase
An extracellular lipase extracted from Bacillus circulans, isolated from marine macro alga, Turbinaria conoides, was used to prepre n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA) concentrates from sardine oil trygliceride
Theory of Incompressible States in a Narrow Channel
We report on the properties of a system of interacting electrons in a narrow
channel in the quantum Hall effect regime. It is shown that an increase in the
strength of the Coulomb interaction causes abrupt changes in the width of the
charge-density profile of translationally invariant states. We derive a phase
diagram which includes many of the stable odd-denominator states as well as a
novel fractional quantum Hall state at lowest half-filled Landau level. The
collective mode evaluated at the half-filled case is strikingly similar to that
for an odd-denominator fractional quantum Hall state.Comment: 4 pages, REVTEX, and 4 .ps file
Guaiane sesquiterpenes from seaweed Ulva fasciata Delile and their antibacterial properties
Two new guaiane sesquiterpene derivatives, guai-2-en-10a-ol (1) and guai-2-en-10a-methanol (2), were
chromatographically purified as major constituents of the CHCl3/CH3OH (1:1, v/v) soluble fraction of Ulva
fasciata. Acetylation of 2 furnished guai-2-en-10a-methyl methanoate (3) with acetyl group at C11
position. The structures of the compounds were elucidated using one and two-dimensional NMR and
mass spectrometric analysis. Compounds 2 and 3 exhibited significant inhibition to the growth of Vibrio
parahaemolyticus with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 25 and 35 mg/mL, respectively. The electronegative
C10 acetyl group with high polarisability (7.02� 10�24 cm3) in 3 appeared to withdraw
electron cloud from substituted cycloheptyl ring and (R)-3-methylcyclohept-1-ene moiety, thus acting as
the nucleophilic center of the molecule resulting in high bioactivity
Theory of the Half-Polarized Quantum Hall States
We report a theoretical analysis of the half-polarized quantum Hall states
observed in a recent experiment. Our numerical results indicate that the ground
state energy of the quantum Hall and states versus spin
polarization has a downward cusp at half the maximal spin polarization. We map
the two-component fermion system onto a system of excitons and describe the
ground state as a liquid state of excitons with non-zero values of exciton
angular momentum.Comment: 4 pages (RevTeX), 3 figures (PostScript), added reference
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