Mammographic normal variant : the sternalis muscle

The imaging findings of a normal variant seen on mammography are presented in this article. The sternalis muscle is an uncommon normal variant, seen only in 8% of cadaveric studies. It is increasingly demonstrated with mammography as imaging techniques improve. This normal variant needs to be differentiated from significant pathology and can pose a diagnostic dilemma. In this article the anatomy of this muscle and the imaging findings are discussed. In selected cases computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) will be required to investigate the mammographic findings further and these modalities are described regarding the assessment of the sternalis muscle

Unusual presentation and inconlusive biopsy render fibroadenoma in two young females a diagnostic dilemma

Two young non-lactating females presented with acutely painful breast masses. Sonographic features showed mixed echogenic masses. Core biopsy was non-diagnostic in both and surgical excision revealed infarcted fibroadenomas. Although fibroadenomas are common, they do not commonly infarct and only rarely in non-lactating and non-pregnant females. These two cases highlight the clinical and imaging characteristics of this important differential diagnosis

Restorative and flexible customary procedures and their gendered impact: a preliminary view on Namibia's formalization of Traditional Courts

Effective Protection of Fundamental Rights in a pluralist worl