Modulation theory of quantum tunneling into a Calogero-Sutherland fluid

Quantum hydrodynamics of interacting electrons with a parabolic single particle spectrum is studied using the Calogero-Sutherland model. The effective action and modulation equations, describing evolution of periodic excitations in the fluid, are derived. Applications to the problem of a single electron tunneling into the FQHE edge state are discussed

Estimating in-use steel stock of civil engineering and building in China by nighttime light image

China is dramatically changing due to rapid development in recent years. This can be observed from the change in landscapes, which most resulted from new or replaced constructions. The floor area of residential and commercial construction had increased fourfold from 1990 to 2005, and its speed does not show any sign of slowing down. The construction will also drive the demand of steel, which comprises half of the total national consumption. However, there were not many studies aiming to quantify the construction steel stock in China, which was mainly due to lack of statistical data. In order to overcome this obstacle, we proposed a methodology to estimate sub-national steel stock using nighttime light image. As a result, we found out that the Beijing municipality possesses the most construction steel stock. Most construction steel stock exists on the eastern coast, and is most concentrated in the Beijing municipality, the Tianjin municipality, the Shanghai municipality, and the Guangdong province

Quantum Hydrodynamics, Quantum Benjamin-Ono Equation, and Calogero Model

Collective field theory for Calogero model represents particles with fractional statistics in terms of hydrodynamic modes -- density and velocity fields. We show that the quantum hydrodynamics of this model can be written as a single evolution equation on a real holomorphic Bose field -- quantum integrable Benjamin-Ono equation. It renders tools of integrable systems to studies of nonlinear dynamics of 1D quantum liquids.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figur

Background light measurements at the DUMAND site

Ambient light intensities at the DUMAND site, west of the island of Hawaii were measured around the one photoelectron level. Throughout the water column between 1,500m and 4,700m, a substantial amount of stimulateable bioluminescence is observed with a ship suspended detector. But non-stimulated bioluminescence level is comparable, or less than, K sup 40 background, when measured with a bottom tethered detector typical of a DUMAND optical module

Quantum Shock Waves - the case for non-linear effects in dynamics of electronic liquids

Using the Calogero model as an example, we show that the transport in interacting non-dissipative electronic systems is essentially non-linear. Non-linear effects are due to the curvature of the electronic spectrum near the Fermi energy. As is typical for non-linear systems, propagating wave packets are unstable. At finite time shock wave singularities develop, the wave packet collapses, and oscillatory features arise. They evolve into regularly structured localized pulses carrying a fractionally quantized charge - {\it soliton trains}. We briefly discuss perspectives of observation of Quantum Shock Waves in edge states of Fractional Quantum Hall Effect and a direct measurement of the fractional charge

Dynamics of waves in 1D electron systems: Density oscillations driven by population inversion

We explore dynamics of a density pulse induced by a local quench in a one-dimensional electron system. The spectral curvature leads to an "overturn" (population inversion) of the wave. We show that beyond this time the density profile develops strong oscillations with a period much larger than the Fermi wave length. The effect is studied first for the case of free fermions by means of direct quantum simulations and via semiclassical analysis of the evolution of Wigner function. We demonstrate then that the period of oscillations is correctly reproduced by a hydrodynamic theory with an appropriate dispersive term. Finally, we explore the effect of different types of electron-electron interaction on the phenomenon. We show that sufficiently strong interaction [$U(r)\gg 1/mr^2$ where $m$ is the fermionic mass and $r$ the relevant spatial scale] determines the dominant dispersive term in the hydrodynamic equations. Hydrodynamic theory reveals crucial dependence of the density evolution on the relative sign of the interaction and the density perturbation.Comment: 20 pages, 13 figure

Ultrashort pulses and short-pulse equations in (2+1)−(2+1)-dimensions

In this paper, we derive and study two versions of the short pulse equation (SPE) in $(2+1)-$dimensions. Using Maxwell's equations as a starting point, and suitable Kramers-Kronig formulas for the permittivity and permeability of the medium, which are relevant, e.g., to left-handed metamaterials and dielectric slab waveguides, we employ a multiple scales technique to obtain the relevant models. General properties of the resulting $(2+1)$-dimensional SPEs, including fundamental conservation laws, as well as the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian structure and numerical simulations for one- and two-dimensional initial data, are presented. Ultrashort 1D breathers appear to be fairly robust, while rather general two-dimensional localized initial conditions are transformed into quasi-one-dimensional dispersing waveforms

Kaluza-Klein Multi-Black Holes in Five-Dimensional Einstein-Maxwell Theory

We construct the Kaluza-Klein multi-black hole solutions on the Gibbons-Hawking multi-instanton space in the five-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell theory. We study geometric properties of the multi-black hole solutions. In particular, unlike the Gibbons-Hawking multi-instanton solutions, each nut-charge is able to take a different value due to the existence of black hole on it. The spatial cross section of each horizon can be admitted to have the topology of a different lens space L(n;1)=S^3/Z_n addition to S^3.Comment: 8 pages, to be published in Classical and Quantum Gravit

Analysis of signalling pathways using continuous time Markov chains

We describe a quantitative modelling and analysis approach for signal transduction networks. We illustrate the approach with an example, the RKIP inhibited ERK pathway [CSK+03]. Our models are high level descriptions of continuous time Markov chains: proteins are modelled by synchronous processes and reactions by transitions. Concentrations are modelled by discrete, abstract quantities. The main advantage of our approach is that using a (continuous time) stochastic logic and the PRISM model checker, we can perform quantitative analysis such as what is the probability that if a concentration reaches a certain level, it will remain at that level thereafter? or how does varying a given reaction rate affect that probability? We also perform standard simulations and compare our results with a traditional ordinary differential equation model. An interesting result is that for the example pathway, only a small number of discrete data values is required to render the simulations practically indistinguishable