Reading Camps and Travelling Libraries in New Ontario, 1900-1905

AbstractIn 1900, the Ontario Department of Education and Alfred Fitzpatrick engaged in an experiment to supply books to reading camps for lumber, mining, and railway workers in Northern Ontario. The center-periphery interplay between education officials and Fitzpatrick gave birth to two important adult education agencies: Frontier College and Ontario’s travelling library system. Although the Department partially accepted Fitzpatrick’s original plan for library extension, he garnered enough public support and employer endorsements to leverage government action on key issues related to a systematic book supply, the reduction of illiteracy, and non-formal adult learning techniques. This paper uses primary sources to examine the differing objectives held by Fitzpatrick and the Department during their initial joint venture prior to the Ontario election of 1905. The study highlights why travelling libraries became a provincial responsibility; as well, it shows Fitzpatrick reshaped his original plans by practical interactions with resource workers that led to new approaches for adult learning at the outset of the 20th century.RésuméEn 1900, le Département de l’éducation de l’Ontario et Alfred Fitzpatrick se lancent dans une expérience : celle d’approvisionner en livres les camps des travailleurs forestiers, des mines et des chemins de fer dans le Nord ontarien. Cette interaction « centre-périphérie », des fonctionnaires et de Fitzpatrick, a donné naissance à deux agences importantes d’éducation aux adultes : le Frontier College et le système ontarien de bibliothèques ambulantes. Bien que le Département ait accepté partiellement le plan originel de Fitzpatrick pour l’expansion du système de bibliothèques, ce dernier a pu compter sur un soutien suffisant de la part du public et des employeurs pour motiver le gouvernement à agir sur des questions clés comme l’approvisionnement en livres, la diminution de l’analphabétisme et l’application de techniques d’apprentissage non-formelles pour les adultes. Cet article s’appuie sur des sources primaires afin d’examiner les objectifs divergents de Fitzpatrick et du Département au début de leur entreprise commune, et ce, avant l’élection provinciale de 1905. L’auteur expose pourquoi les bibliothèques ambulantes sont passées sous la responsabilité provinciale. Il montre également que Fitzpatrick a adapté ses plans originaux à la suite d’interactions avec des travailleurs-ressources qui menèrent à de nouvelles approches en éducation aux adultes au début du vingtième siècle

Analysis of orthodontic treatment by pediatric dentists and general practitioners in Indiana

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Orthodontic treatment being provided by pediatric dentists and general practitioners in Indiana was investigated. A two page questionnaire constructed by the investigator was used to gather the data. The study sample consisted of 571 dentists. All 71 Indiana pediatric dentists primarily in private practice were surveyed. General practitioners (500) were chosen on the basis of age, year of graduation from dental school, geographic location and size of community in which they practiced. Seventy-eight percent of the questionnaires were returned; of this total, 93 percent of the pediatric dentists and 77 percent of the general practitioners responded. The study showed that currently in Indiana 62 percent of the pediatric dentists and 17.9 percent of the general practitioners surveyed provided comprehensive orthodontic treatment. These results are much higher than results of previous surveys of pediatric dentists and general practitioners. The study also found that pediatric dentists provide significantly more comprehensive orthodontic treatment and spend significantly more time providing orthodontic treatment than do general practitioners. Age of practitioner was found not to significantly affect the percentage of time spent providing orthodontic treatment, the orthodontic conditions treated or the type of appliances and techniques used. Population of the community in which the practice was located did have a significant effect. Practitioners in communities of over 100,000 provided significantly less comprehensive orthodontic treatment. Practitioners who practiced in communities of 5,000-25,000 spent significantly more time providing orthodontic services. Sixty-three percent of the practitioners surveyed had taken some type of continuing education course in orthodontics. An overwhelming majority of practitioners (over 90 percent) stated that their undergraduate orthodontic training in dental school inadequately prepared them for private practice. The majority of pediatric dentists (78 percent) also stated that their postgraduate education instruction in orthodontics was inadequate

The Carnegie Corporation Advisory Group on Canadian College Libraries, 1930–35

The Carnegie Corporation of New York (CCNY) contributed signi cantly to the development of Canadian university and college libraries during the Great Depression. From 1932 to 1935, thirty-four institutions of higher education shared in library book grants totalling $214,800 as a result of a national (Canada and Newfoundland) examination conducted by an advisory group established by the CCNY. The ways in which the advisory group investigated and inspected potential recipients, evaluated whether they complied with conditions set, and distributed grants typically followed the policies and procedures established by an earlier American advisory group funded by the CCNY. Carnegie and university records document how nancial aid was awarded and used for the advancement of undergraduate print collections. Sources can also be used to study the Canadian group in relation to the role of American philanthropic college library work, attempts by Canadian administrators to adapt library collections and organization to local circumstances, and trends in the improvement of undergraduate library services on a national scale. RÉSUMÉ L’organisme The Carnegie Corporation of New York (CCNY) a contribué d’une manière signi- cative au développement des bibliothèques des universités et des collèges canadiens durant la grande dépression. De 1932 à 1935, trente-quatre institutions d’éducation supérieure se sont partagé des octrois totalisant 214 800$ pour l’achat de livres. Ce montant a été établi lors d’une enquête nationale menée conjointement au Canada et à Terre-Neuve par un groupe de travail consultatif établi par le CCNY. Les manières de procéder de ce comité quant à l’inves- tigation et à la surveillance des institutions récipiendaires, l’évaluation du respect des conditions xées ainsi que la distribution des subventions s’appuient sur les politiques et procédures établies précédemment par un comité consultatif américain créé par le CCNY. Les documents provenant de la corporation Carnegie et des universités exposent comment l’aide nancière était accordée et utilisée pour l’enrichissement des collections des imprimés pour les étudiants du premier cycle. Ces sources peuvent aussi servir à étudier les relations du groupe canadien avec la philanthropie américaine en regard des bibliothèques. D’autres questions comme les tentatives des administrateurs canadiens pour harmoniser les collections des bibliothèques et les adapter aux besoins spéci ques de leur milieu, ainsi que la tendance à améliorer les services fournis par les bibliothèques aux étudiants de premier cycle à l’échelle canadienne, pourraient faire l’objet d’études ultérieures.

An Evaluation of the Cost of Family Law Disputes: Measuring the Cost Implication of Various Dispute Resolution Methods

The Canadian Forum on Civil Justice contracted the Canadian Research Institute for Law and the Family to conduct a project measuring the cost implications of various dispute resolution methods for resolving family law disputes. Despite the greater emphasis in recent years on the importance of access to justice and the need to resolve family matters outside the court, there is little research on the effectiveness of various dispute resolution methods, and even less on the cost of the different approaches