60,741 research outputs found
Can the jet steepen the light curves of GRB afterglow?
Beaming of relativistic ejecta in GRBs has been postulated by many authors in
order to reduce the total GRB energy, thus it is very important to look for the
observational evidence of beaming. Rhoads (1999) has pointed out that the
dynamics of the blast wave, which is formed when the beamed ejecta sweeping the
external medium, will be significantly modified by the sideways expansion due
to the increased swept up matter. He claimed that shortly after the bulk
Lorentz factor () of the blast wave drops below the inverse of the
initial opening angle () of the beamed ejecta, there will be a
sharp break in the afterglow light curves. However, some other authors have
performed numerical calculations and shown that the break of the light curve is
weaker and much smoother than the one analytically predicted. In this paper we
reanalyse the dynamical evolution of the jet blast wave, calculate the jet
emission analytically, we find that the sharp break predicted by Rhoads will
actually not exist, and for most cases the afterglow light curve will almost
not be affected by sideways expansion unless the beaming angle is extremely
small. We demonstrate that only when , the afterglow light
curves may be steepened by sideways expansion, and in fact there cannot be two
breaks as claimed before. We have also constructed a simple numerical code to
verify our conclusion.Comment: 12 pages, 2 figures, accepted by ApJ, added numerical calculation
Correlations and fluctuations measured by the CMS experiment in pp and PbPb
Measurements of charged dihadron angular correlations are presented in
proton-proton (pp) and Lead-Lead (PbPb) collisions, over a broad range of
pseudorapidity and azimuthal angle, using the CMS detector at the LHC. In very
high multiplicity pp events at center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, a striking
"ridge"-like structure emerges in the two-dimensional correlation function for
particle pairs with intermediate pt of 1-3 GeVc, in the kinematic region
2.0<|\Delta\eta|<4.8 and small \Delta\phi, which is similar to observations in
heavy-ion collisions. Studies of this new effect as a function of particle
transverse momentum are discussed. The long-range and short-range dihadron
correlations are also studied in PbPb collision at a nucleon-nucleon
center-of-mass energy of 2.76 TeV, as a function of transverse momentum and
collision centrality. A Fourier analysis of the long-range dihadron
correlations is presented and discussed in the context of CMS measurements of
higher order flow coefficients.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figures, proceedings for Quark Matter 2011, Annecy,
France, May 23-28, 201
Flavor-twisted boundary condition for simulations of quantum many-body systems
We present an approximative simulation method for quantum many-body systems
based on coarse graining the space of the momentum transferred between
interacting particles, which leads to effective Hamiltonians of reduced size
with the flavor-twisted boundary condition. A rapid, accurate, and fast
convergent computation of the ground-state energy is demonstrated on the
spin-1/2 quantum antiferromagnet of any dimension by employing only two sites.
The method is expected to be useful for future simulations and quick estimates
on other strongly correlated systems.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figure
Tunable one-dimensional microwave emissions from cyclic-transition three-level atoms
By strongly driving a cyclic-transition three-level artificial atom,
demonstrated by such as a flux-based superconducting circuit, we show that
coherent microwave signals can be excited along a coupled one-dimensional
transmission line. Typically, the intensity of the generated microwave is
tunable via properly adjusting the Rabi frequencies of the applied
strong-driving fields or introducing a probe field with the same frequency. In
practice, the system proposed here could work as an on-chip quantum device with
controllable atom-photon interaction to implement a total-reflecting mirror or
switch for the propagating probe field.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
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