Hidden gauge structure and derivation of microcanonical ensemble theory of bosons from quantum principles

Microcanonical ensemble theory of bosons is derived from quantum mechanics by making use of a hidden gauge structure. The relative phase interaction associated with this gauge structure, described by the Pegg-Barnett formalism, is shown to lead to perfect decoherence in the thermodynamics limit and the principle of equal a priori probability, simultaneously.Comment: 10 page

Local gauge theory and coarse graining

Within the discrete gauge theory which is the basis of spin foam models, the problem of macroscopically faithful coarse graining is studied. Macroscopic data is identified; it contains the holonomy evaluation along a discrete set of loops and the homotopy classes of certain maps. When two configurations share this data they are related by a local deformation. The interpretation is that such configurations differ by "microscopic details". In many cases the homotopy type of the relevant maps is trivial for every connection; two important cases in which the homotopy data is composed by a set of integer numbers are: (i) a two dimensional base manifold and structure group U(1), (ii) a four dimensional base manifold and structure group SU(2). These cases are relevant for spin foam models of two dimensional gravity and four dimensional gravity respectively. This result suggests that if spin foam models for two-dimensional and four-dimensional gravity are modified to include all the relevant macroscopic degrees of freedom -the complete collection of macroscopic variables necessary to ensure faithful coarse graining-, then they could provide appropriate effective theories at a given scale.Comment: Based on talk given at Loops 11-Madri

Fermion spectrum and localization on kinks in a deconstructed dimension

We study the deconstructed scalar theory having nonlinear interactions and being renormalizable. It is shown that the kink-like configurations exist in such models. The possible forms of Yukawa coupling are considered. We find the degeneracy in mass spectrum of fermions coupled to the nontrivial scalar configuration.Comment: 19pages, 39figures, revised versio

Magnetic flux, Wilson line and orbifold

We study torus/orbifold models with magnetic flux and Wilson line background. The number of zero-modes and their profiles depend on those backgrounds. That has interesting implications from the viewpoint of particle phenomenology.Comment: 1+17 pages, 1 figur

Predictions for the unitarity triangle angles in a new parametrization

A new approach to the parametrization of the CKM matrix, $V$, is considered in which $V$ is written as a linear combination of the unit matrix $I$ and a non-diagonal matrix $U$ which causes intergenerational-mixing, that is $V=\cos\theta I+i\sin\theta U$. Such a $V$ depends on 3 real parameters including the parameter $\theta$. It is interesting that a value of $\theta=\pi/4$ is required to fit the available data on the CKM-matrix including CP-violation. Predictions of this fit for the angles $\alpha$, $\beta$ and $\gamma$ for the unitarity triangle corresponding to $V_{11}V^*_{13} + V_{21} V^*_{23} +V_{31}V^*_{33} =0$, are given. For $\theta$=$\pi/4$, we obtain $\alpha=88.46^\circ$, $\beta=45.046^\circ$ and $\gamma=46.5^\circ$. These values are just about in agreement, within errors, with the present data. It is very interesting that the unitarity triangle is expected to be approximately a right-angled, isosceles triangle. Our prediction $\sin 2\beta = 1$ is in excellent agreement with the value $0.99\pm 0.15\pm 0.05$ reported by the Belle collaboration at the Lepton-Photon 2001 meeting.Comment: 11 pages, latex, no figure

Yukawa Structure with Maximal Predictability

A simple Ansatz for the quark mass matrices is considered, based on the assumption of a power structure for the matrix elements and the requirement of maximal predictability. A good fit to the present experimental data is obtained and the position of the vertex of the unitarity triangle, i.e. (\bar{\rho},\bar{\eta}), is predicted.Comment: 13 pages, 2 EPS figures, some modifications and references added; version to appear in Phys. Lett.