131 research outputs found
Superficial brachioradial artery (radial artery originating from the axillary artery): a case report and embryological background
A case of anomalous terminal branching of the axillary artery, concerning the
variant called superficial brachioradial artery (arteria brachioradialis superficialis)
was described, with special regard to its embryological origin. The left
upper limb of a male cadaver was dissected in successive steps from the
axillary fossa distally to the palmar region. A variant artery, stemming from
the end of the third segment of the axillary artery, followed a superficial
course distally. It skipped the cubital fossa, ran on the lateral side of the
forearm, crossed ventrally to the palm, and terminated in the deep palmar
arch. This vessel is a case of so-called “brachioradial artery” (inexactly called
a “radial artery with a high origin”). The origin of the brachioradial artery
directly from the axillary artery belongs to the rare variants of the arterial
pattern of the upper limb. Its incidence is approximately 3%. Moreover, this
vascular variant was associated with another one concerning the brachial
plexus. The medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm joined the median nerve
in the middle third of the arm and ran further distally as a common trunk, as
the normal median nerve does. Anatomical knowledge of the axillary region
is crucial for radiodiagnostic and surgical procedures, especially in cases of
trauma. The superficially located artery brings an elevated risk of bleeding
complications in unexpected situations
Selective addressing of high-rank atomic polarization moments
We describe a method of selective generation and study of polarization
moments of up to the highest rank possible for a quantum state with
total angular momentum . The technique is based on nonlinear magneto-optical
rotation with frequency-modulated light. Various polarization moments are
distinguished by the periodicity of light-polarization rotation induced by the
atoms during Larmor precession and exhibit distinct light-intensity and
frequency dependences. We apply the method to study polarization moments of
Rb atoms contained in a vapor cell with antirelaxation coating. Distinct
ultra-narrow (1-Hz wide) resonances, corresponding to different multipoles,
appear in the magnetic-field dependence of the optical rotation. The use of the
highest-multipole resonances has important applications in quantum and
nonlinear optics and in magnetometry.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figure
Spin-axis relaxation in spin-exchange collisions of alkali atoms
We present calculations of spin-relaxation rates of alkali-metal atoms due to
the spin-axis interaction acting in binary collisions between the atoms. We
show that for the high-temperature conditions of interest here, the spin
relaxation rates calculated with classical-path trajectories are nearly the
same as those calculated with the distorted-wave Born approximation. We compare
these calculations to recent experiments that used magnetic decoupling to
isolate spin relaxation due to binary collisions from that due to the formation
of triplet van-der-Waals molecules. The values of the spin-axis coupling
coefficients deduced from measurements of binary collision rates are consistent
with those deduced from molecular decoupling experiments. All the experimental
data is consistent with a simple and physically plausible scaling law for the
spin-axis coupling coefficients.Comment: text+1 figur
Spin Relaxation Resonances Due to the Spin-Axis Interaction in Dense Rubidium and Cesium Vapor
Resonances in the magnetic decoupling curves for the spin relaxation of dense
alkali-metal vapors prove that much of the relaxation is due to the spin-axis
interaction in triplet dimers. Initial estimates of the spin-axis coupling
coefficients for the dimers are 290 MHz for Rb; 2500 MHz for Cs.Comment: submitted to Physical Review Letters, text + 3 figure
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Distinguishing Monosaccharide Stereo- and Structural Isomers with ToF-SIMS and Multivariate Statistical Analysis
Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) is utilized to examine the mass spectra and fragmentation patterns of seven isomeric monosaccharides. Multivariate statistical analysis techniques, including principal component analysis (PCA), allow discrimination of the extremely similar mass spectra of stereoisomers. Furthermore, PCA identifies those fragment peaks which vary significantly between spectra. Heavy isotope studies confirm that these peaks are indeed sugar fragments, allow identification of the fragments, and provide clues to the fragmentation pathways. Excellent reproducibility is shown by multiple experiments performed over time and on separate samples. This study demonstrates the combined selectivity and discrimination power of ToF-SIMS and PCA, and suggests new applications of the technique including differentiation of subtle chemical changes in biological samples that may provide insights into cellular processes, disease progress, and disease diagnosis
Inhibition of Fried Meat-Induced Colorectal DNA Damage and Altered Systemic Genotoxicity in Humans by Crucifera, Chlorophyllin, and Yogurt
Dietary exposures implicated as reducing or causing risk for colorectal cancer may reduce or cause DNA damage in colon tissue; however, no one has assessed this hypothesis directly in humans. Thus, we enrolled 16 healthy volunteers in a 4-week controlled feeding study where 8 subjects were randomly assigned to dietary regimens containing meat cooked at either low (100°C) or high temperature (250°C), each for 2 weeks in a crossover design. The other 8 subjects were randomly assigned to dietary regimens containing the high-temperature meat diet alone or in combination with 3 putative mutagen inhibitors: cruciferous vegetables, yogurt, and chlorophyllin tablets, also in a crossover design. Subjects were nonsmokers, at least 18 years old, and not currently taking prescription drugs or antibiotics. We used the Salmonella assay to analyze the meat, urine, and feces for mutagenicity, and the comet assay to analyze rectal biopsies and peripheral blood lymphocytes for DNA damage. Low-temperature meat had undetectable levels of heterocyclic amines (HCAs) and was not mutagenic, whereas high-temperature meat had high HCA levels and was highly mutagenic. The high-temperature meat diet increased the mutagenicity of hydrolyzed urine and feces compared to the low-temperature meat diet. The mutagenicity of hydrolyzed urine was increased nearly twofold by the inhibitor diet, indicating that the inhibitors enhanced conjugation. Inhibitors decreased significantly the mutagenicity of un-hydrolyzed and hydrolyzed feces. The diets did not alter the levels of DNA damage in non-target white blood cells, but the inhibitor diet decreased nearly twofold the DNA damage in target colorectal cells. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that dietary factors can reduce DNA damage in the target tissue of fried-meat associated carcinogenesis.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00340743
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Chemical and biological differentiation of three human breast cancer cell types using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS)
We use Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) to image and classify individual cells based on their characteristic mass spectra. Using statistical data reduction on the large data sets generated during TOF-SIMS analysis, similar biological materials can be differentiated based on a combination of small changes in protein expression, metabolic activity and cell structure. We apply this powerful technique to image and differentiate three carcinoma-derived human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, T47D and MDA-MB-231). In homogenized cells, we show the ability to differentiate the cell types as well as cellular compartments (cytosol, nuclear and membrane). These studies illustrate the capacity of TOF-SIMS to characterize individual cells by chemical composition, which could ultimately be applied to detect and identify single aberrant cells within a normal cell population. Ultimately, we anticipate characterizing rare chemical changes that may provide clues to single cell progression within carcinogenic and metastatic pathways
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