Investigation of hydrogenation of aromatic hydrocarbons on Pt/Pd/USY catalyst

In this paper the aromatic reduction of gas oils and the conversion of several hydrocarbon groups in the conditions of hydrodearomatization were investigated on Pt/Pd/USY catalyst. It was concluded that in case of hydrodearomatization of gas oils cycloparaffin hydrocarbons (naphthenes) were key components, i.e. the practical process parameters of hydrodearomatization in case of a defined catalytic system (catalyst, feed, etc.) is that where the concentration of naphthenes have a maximum value. In case of this the deep hydrodearomatization and further deep heteroatom reduction can be carried out with maximum yield of gas oil. It was additionally determined that in the condition of hydrodearomatization mainly isoparaffins are formed via ring opening of naphthenes, the rate of increase of n-paraffin concentration is slower, i.e. the decadence of cold flow properties of reduced aromatic containing products are less beside the high cetane number. Therefore the gas oil products can be applied as winter quality diesel fuel blending components

Acute phencyclidine administration induces c-Fos-immunoreactivity in interneurons in cortical and subcortical regions

Dysfunction of N-Methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) is believed to underlie some of the symptoms in schizophrenia, and non-competitive NMDAR antagonists (including phencyclidine (PCP)) are widely used as pharmacological schizophrenia models. Furthermore, mounting evidence suggests that impaired gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmission contributes to the cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Thus alterations in GABAergic interneurons have been observed in schizophrenia patients and animal models. Acute systemic administration of PCP increases levels of c-Fos in several cortical and subcortical areas, but whether such induction occurs in specific populations of GABAergic interneuron subtypes still remains to be established. We performed an immunohistochemical analysis of the PCP-induced c-Fos-immunoreactivity (IR) in parvalbumin (PV) and calbindin (CB) interneuron subtypes in the cortex and thalamus of rats. A single dose of PCP (10mg/kg, s.c.) significantly increased total number of c-Fos-IR in: (1) the prelimbic, infralimbic, anterior cingulate, ventrolateral orbital, motor, somatosensory and retrosplenial cortices as well as the nucleus accumbens (NAc), field CA1 of the hippocampus (CA1) field of hippocampus and mediodorsal thalamus (MD); (2) PV-IR cells in the ventrolateral orbitofrontal and retrosplenial cortices and CA1 field of hippocampus; and (3) CB-IR cells in the motor cortex. Overall, our data indicate that PCP activates a wide range of cortical and subcortical brain regions and that a substantial part of this activation is present in GABAergic interneurons in certain regions. This suggests that the psychotomimetic effect of PCP may be mediated via GABAergic interneurons