3 research outputs found

    Investigation of short-term surgical complications in a low-resource, high-volume dog sterilisation clinic in India

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    Abstract Background Surgical sterilisation is currently the method of choice for controlling free-roaming dog populations. However, there are significant logistical challenges to neutering large numbers of dogs in low-resource clinics. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of short-term surgical complications in a low-resource sterilisation clinic which did not routinely administer post-operative antibiotics. The medical records of all sterilisation surgeries performed in 2015 at the Worldwide Veterinary Service International Training Centre in Tamil Nadu, India were reviewed (group A) to assess immediate surgical complications. All animals in this group were monitored for at least 24 h post-surgery but were not released until assessed by a veterinarian as having uncomplicated wound healing. In the second part of this study from August to December 2015, 200 free-roaming dogs undergoing sterilisation surgery, were monitored for a minimum of 4-days post-surgery to further assess postoperative complications (group B). Results Surgery related complications were seen in 5.4% (95%CI, 4.5–6.5%) of the 1998 group A dogs monitored for at least 24 h, and in 7.0% (3.9–11.5%) of the 200 group B dogs monitored for 4 days. Major complications were classed as those requiring an intervention and resulted in increased morbidity or mortality. Major complications were seen in 2.8% (2.1–3.6%) and 1.5% (3.1–4.3%) of group A and B, respectively. Minor complications requiring little or no intervention were recorded for 2.6% (1.9–3.4%) for group A and 5.5% (2.8–9.6%) for group B. There was no evidence for a difference in complication rates between the two groups in a multivariate regression model. Conclusion This study demonstrated that high volume, low-resource sterilisation of dogs can be performed with a low incidence of surgical complications and low mortality

    Die SchÀtzung externer Effekte im Verkehrswesen mithilfe von Stated-Choice-Experimenten

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    Die SchĂ€tzung externer Effekte des Verkehrs gehört zu den kompliziertesten Problemen der verkehrsökonomischen Forschung. Viele einst verfochtene und angewandte Methoden, wie zum Beispiel die hedonische Preisbildung, der Humankapitalansatz und die Kontingente Bewertungsmethode, werden zu Recht wegen ihrer zahlreichen UnzulĂ€nglichkeiten kritisiert. Die Mehrheit der Experten ist inzwischen der Auffassung, dass Stated-Choice-Methoden fĂŒr diese Aufgabe am besten geeignet sind. Dieser Beitrag beschĂ€ftigt sich mit der Anwendung von Stated-Choice-Methoden bei der Bewertung von VerkehrsunfĂ€llen, LĂ€rm, Luftverschmutzung sowie des Sicherheitsempfindens beim Fußweg durch die Stadt. Er erörtert anhand von Fallstudien Fragen des Designs und der Umsetzung von Stated-Choice-Experimenten. Besonderes Augenmerk liegt auf der Versuchsgestaltung (Kontext, Auswahl der Attribute, Festlegung des Preismechanismus und der Darstellungsform), der DurchfĂŒhrung derartiger Befragungen (Strategie fĂŒr die Datenerhebung, Stichprobenauswahl und Einbeziehung zusĂ€tzlicher Fragen, um Daten validieren und analysieren zu können) sowie der Modellierung. In diesem Zusammenhang nutzen wir moderne statistische Methoden, die beim Umgang mit dieser Art von Daten erforderlich beziehungsweise möglich sind. Die wichtigste Schlussfolgerung in diesem Beitrag lautet, dass sorgfĂ€ltig geplante und durchgefĂŒhrte SC-Experimente ein zuverlĂ€ssiges Instrument zur SchĂ€tzung der Zahlungsbereitschaft (engl. willingness to pay, AbkĂŒrzung und im Folgenden WTP) fĂŒr eine Verringerung externer Effekte im Verkehrswesen sind, auch wenn nicht lese- und schreibkundige Menschen sowie einkommensschwache Bevölkerungsgruppen befragt werden. Es ist jedoch die DurchfĂŒhrung lokaler Studien zu empfehlen, da kulturelle Unterschiede eine wichtige, jedoch oft unterschĂ€tzte Rolle spielen und Faktoren wie etwa Unterschiede bei der Risikoaversion fĂŒr die Bestimmung von WTP-Werten entscheidend sein können. Abstract The valuation of externalities in transport planning is a serious and difficult business. Many methods advocated and used in the past, such as hedonic pricing, the human capital approach and contingent valuation; have been rightly criticised for their many shortcomings. Among specialist there is a quasi-consensus nowadays in that stated choice methods are superior for this task. We refer to their use for valuing accidents, noise, atmospheric pollution and the feeling of safety when walking in urban streets, discussing a series of design and application issues through case studies. In particular we touch upon experimental design (context, selection of attributes, definition of payment mechanism and design approach), survey conduction (data collection strategy, sample selection, and use of extra questions to aid data validation and analysis), and modelling using the advanced methods that this type of quality data requires/allows for. Our main conclusion is that properly conducted and designed stated choice methods are a valid tool to estimate willingness-to-pay for reducing transport externalities, even in situations involving poor and/or less than fully literate individuals. We also recommend conducting local studies, as cultural differences play a bigger role than normally recognised, and issues such as differences in risk aversion may be crucially important in determining willingness-to-pay values. JEL Classifications: L93, Q54, Q5
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