The presence of humic-like substances in peat forming plants

W badaniach wykorzystano metodę długożyciowej fotoindukowanej luminescencji (DFL) w celu wykazania podobieństwa między alkalicznymi roztworami substancji humusowych (SH) wyekstrahowanych z próbek torfu niskiego (turzycowego) i wysokiego (sfagnowego) a wyciągami "substancji humusopodobnych", uzyskanych z próbek gatunków roślin z rodzajów Carex i Sphagnum. Wyciągi zarówno z torfu, jak i roślin torfotwórczych wykazują zjawisko długożyciowej fotoindukowanej luminescencji w zakresie widzialnym.The aim of the study was to use the long-term photoinduced luminescence method to show similarity between alkaline extracts from low-moor and high-moor peat samples and alkaline extracts from peat forming plants: Carex and Sphagnum. All studied peat and peat-forming plant extracts showed the phenomenon of long-term photoinduced luminescence in the visible range of wavelengths

Ranking of the models (ten highest ranked models and null model) explaining the long-term and medium-term stress in squirrels in generalized linear mixed models with gamma distribution and log link function (ΔAICc—AICc differences, ωi—Akaike weights, Rank—rank of the models based on AICc values; bolded text in the row indicates chosen model (for variable explanation, see: Methods).

Ranking of the models (ten highest ranked models and null model) explaining the long-term and medium-term stress in squirrels in generalized linear mixed models with gamma distribution and log link function (ΔAICc—AICc differences, ωi—Akaike weights, Rank—rank of the models based on AICc values; bolded text in the row indicates chosen model (for variable explanation, see: Methods).</p

Average (±SD) values of indicators calculated from raw data for given groups with regard to SITE.

Average (±SD) values of indicators calculated from raw data for given groups with regard to SITE.</p

Number of samples from squirrels first-trapped (FIRST) and re-trapped (RET) in a given study site.

Number of samples from squirrels first-trapped (FIRST) and re-trapped (RET) in a given study site.</p

Boxplot with individual data points and mean (red X) breath rate in squirrels with regard to A) EXPERIENCE (first-trapped or retrapped) and B) SITE (urban park or urban forest) (marginal means from generalized linear mixed model, S3 Table).

Boxplot with individual data points and mean (red X) breath rate in squirrels with regard to A) EXPERIENCE (first-trapped or retrapped) and B) SITE (urban park or urban forest) (marginal means from generalized linear mixed model, S3 Table).</p

Mean (±SE) levels of stress indicators observed in forest and urban squirrels (detailed data is presented in S1 Table).

Mean (±SE) levels of stress indicators observed in forest and urban squirrels (detailed data is presented in S1 Table).</p

Boxplot with individual data points and mean (red X) hair cortisol concentration in squirrels with regard to SEASON (marginal means from generalized linear mixed model, S3 Table).

Boxplot with individual data points and mean (red X) hair cortisol concentration in squirrels with regard to SEASON (marginal means from generalized linear mixed model, S3 Table).</p

Ranking of the models (ten highest ranked models and null model) explaining the acute stress in squirrels in generalized linear mixed models with gamma or negative binomial distribution and log link function (ΔAICc—AICc differences, ωi—Akaike weights, Rank—rank of the models based on AICc values; bolded text in the row indicates chosen model (for variable explanation, see: Methods).

Ranking of the models (ten highest ranked models and null model) explaining the acute stress in squirrels in generalized linear mixed models with gamma or negative binomial distribution and log link function (ΔAICc—AICc differences, ωi—Akaike weights, Rank—rank of the models based on AICc values; bolded text in the row indicates chosen model (for variable explanation, see: Methods).</p

Boxplot with individual data points and mean (red X) fecal cortisol concentration in squirrels with regard to SEASON (marginal means from generalized linear mixed model, S3 Table).

Boxplot with individual data points and mean (red X) fecal cortisol concentration in squirrels with regard to SEASON (marginal means from generalized linear mixed model, S3 Table).</p

Effect of SEASON and CONDITION on hair cortisone concentration in squirrels in the highest ranked generalized linear mixed model (0*–reference category), REPRODUCTIVE STATUS, AGE, SITE, and EXPERIENCE were excluded during model selection (marginal R² = 0.074 and conditional R² = 0.480 for the highest ranked model).

Effect of SEASON and CONDITION on hair cortisone concentration in squirrels in the highest ranked generalized linear mixed model (0*–reference category), REPRODUCTIVE STATUS, AGE, SITE, and EXPERIENCE were excluded during model selection (marginal R2 = 0.074 and conditional R2 = 0.480 for the highest ranked model).</p