Swine Dysentery: A Review

Swine dysentery was first described by Whiting, Doyle, and Spray in Indiana in 1921. It is a contagious infectious disease characterized by mucohemorrhagic diarrhea. The disease has been reported from most parts of the world. Swine dysentery is also referred to as vibrionic dysentery, bloody scours, bloody dysentery, and mucohemorrhagic diarrhea

Septicemic Listeriosis in a Calf

Listeria monocytogenes is a pathogen which is found throughout the world. It is capable of producing infections in a wide variety of species and has been isolated from numerous mammals as well as birds and fish

Coccidial Infection in Neonatal Swine

Coccidia have been implicated as another of the many pathogens responsible for scours in baby pigs. The clinical syndrome begins at about 5 days to 3 weeks of age and is similar to other enteritides of neonatal swine. The pigs begin to scour and do not grow well. In some cases, a mortality of up to 50% of those affected has been noted. Negative response to antibiotics normally employed in baby pig scours is often observed as another feature of the disease

Rotavirus Infections in Swine

Advances in meat animal production in the last twenty years are unprecedented in the history of agriculture. Despite the intensive research in medicine and animal health, disease continues to contribute tremendous economic loss in animal production by direct death loss, decreased feed efficiency, and longer production time. Enteritis of various etiologies, especially in the neonate, is probably the most visible in terms of death loss, and paradoxically, also one of the most insidious causes of economic loss in subclinical cases or cases of permanent intestinal dysfunction

Swine Dysentery - A Practitioner Update

Swine dysentery is a mucohemorrhagic, exudative disease with lesions confined to the large intestine of pigs. Estimates from a 1976 survey by the Livestock Conservation Institute indicate an 88% increase in incidence of the disease in the United States since a similar 1972 estimate. This approximates a total annual loss of $64 million to the swine industry

Why the idea of framework propositions cannot contribute to an understanding of delusions

One of the tasks that recent philosophy of psychiatry has taken upon itself is to extend the range of understanding to some of those aspects of psychopathology that Jaspers deemed beyond its limits. Given the fundamental difficulties of offering a literal interpretation of the contents of primary delusions, a number of alternative strategies have been put forward including regarding them as abnormal versions of framework propositions described by Wittgenstein in On Certainty. But although framework propositions share some of the apparent epistemic features of primary delusions, their role in partially constituting the sense of inquiry rules out their role in helping to understand delusions

Layup time for an Automated Fibre Placement process in the framework of a detailed sizing optimisation

Automatic Fibre Placement manufacturing processes have become the aerospace industry standard for the production of large-scale composite components. Besides the challenges linked with the manufacturing of such components, their design process is also complicated leading to the two mainly being treated as different subjects. In this work, the aspect of the layup time required to manufacture the composite component is introduced as an objective function in a detailed sizing optimisation process. The methodology presented is able to identify how the material is going to be laid on the tool, using the sizing information available via a zone-based modelling of the thickness and stiffness properties of the structure. The method is applied to the skin of an aircraft wing and a trade-off between the structural weight and layup time is observed. Results demonstrate that the bi-objective optimisation is a promising tool for reducing the structural mass, while keeping the layup time to acceptable levels by benefiting from a more detailed structural modelling

What makes you not a Buddhist? : a preliminary mapping of values

This study sets out to establish which Buddhist values contrasted with or were shared by adolescents from a non-Buddhist population. A survey of attitude toward a variety of Buddhist values was fielded in a sample of 352 non-Buddhist schoolchildren aged between 13 and 15 in London. Buddhist values where attitudes were least positive concerned the worth of being a monk/nun or meditating, offering candles & incense on the Buddhist shrine, friendship on Sangha Day, avoiding drinking alcohol, seeing the world as empty or impermanent and Nirvana as the ultimate peace. Buddhist values most closely shared by non-Buddhists concerned the Law of Karma, calming the mind, respecting those deserving of respect, subjectivity of happiness, welfare work, looking after parents in old age and compassion to cuddly animals. Further significant differences of attitude toward Buddhism were found in partial correlations with the independent variables of sex, age and religious affiliation. Correlation patterns paralleled those previously described in theistic religions. Findings are applied to spiritual, moral, social and cultural development and for the teaching of religious to pupils of no faith adherence. The study recommends that quantitative psychometrics employed to conceptualize Buddhist values by discriminant validity in this study could be extended usefully to other aspects of the study of Buddhism, particularly in quest of validity in the conceptualization of Buddhist identity within specifically Buddhist populations

Unified View of Scaling Laws for River Networks

Scaling laws that describe the structure of river networks are shown to follow from three simple assumptions. These assumptions are: (1) river networks are structurally self-similar, (2) single channels are self-affine, and (3) overland flow into channels occurs over a characteristic distance (drainage density is uniform). We obtain a complete set of scaling relations connecting the exponents of these scaling laws and find that only two of these exponents are independent. We further demonstrate that the two predominant descriptions of network structure (Tokunaga's law and Horton's laws) are equivalent in the case of landscapes with uniform drainage density. The results are tested with data from both real landscapes and a special class of random networks.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables (converted to Revtex4, PRE ref added