Advanced approach for a demand-oriented fluid supply in grinding

AbstractThe productivity of grinding processes is often limited by the risk of thermal damage of the workpiece surface layer. Therefore, the control of thermal conditions in the grinding arc is of utmost importance for both, industrial practice and academia. In order to optimize the application of the metal working fluid in grinding, devices and methodologies are needed which can assure the measurement of temperatures in grinding or within set-up mode and the control of demand-oriented fluid supply parameters (nozzle angle, nozzle height, nozzle outlet area, fluid jet velocity). The systematic use of such devices and methodologies for fluid supply optimization is enabling reliable and economic grinding processes

Risk Assessment of Processes and Products in Industrial Biotechnology.

Risk assessment has been used extensively as the main approach to prevent accidents in the chemical and process industry. Industrial biotechnology has many of the same hazards as chemical technology, but also encounters biological hazards related to biological agents. Employees in the biotechnology industry are susceptible to health risks because of different types of exposure to harmful agents. The external environment may also be affected by these agents in cases of accidental release. This chapter first presents several traditional risk assessment methods that may be used in industrial biotechnology after comparing differences between industrial biotechnology and chemical technology. Hazard identification in industrial biotechnology is then discussed, for biological as well as traditional hazards. Furthermore, risk assessment of occupational health and safety related to biological hazards is examined using exposure analysis and risk characterization. A two-stage risk assessment method is recommended to assess environmental and ecological risks in industrial biotechnology. Risk analysis of traditional accidents (fire, explosions, and toxic releases) in industrial biotechnology is also described. Graphical Abstract