399 research outputs found
Ground-state energy and Wigner crystallization in thick 2D-electron systems
The ground state energy of the 2-D Wigner crystal is determined as a function
of the thickness of the electron layer and the crystal structure. The method of
evaluating the exchange-correlation energy is tested using known results for
the infinitely-thin 2D system. Two methods, one based on the local-density
approximation(LDA), and another based on the constant-density approximation
(CDA) are established by comparing with quantum Monte-Carlo (QMC) results. The
LDA and CDA estimates for the Wigner transition of the perfect 2D fluid are at
and 32 respectively, compared with from QMC. For thick-2D
layers as found in Hetero-junction-insulated-gate field-effect transistors, the
LDA and CDA predictions of the Wigner transition are at and 15.5
respectively. Impurity effects are not considered here.Comment: Last figure and Table are modified in the revised version.
Conclusions regarding the Wigner transition in thick layers are modified in
the revised version. Latex manuscript, four figure
Moving Ijtihad and Tajdid on Amal USAha Muhammadiyah (Aum) in Building the Civilization of Islamic Economy
Muhammadiyah declares that the gate of ijtihad (reasoning) and tajdid (modernization) were being yet continued. Ijtihad was the base core to establish the main character of Muhammadiyah as a Modern Islamic Modernization Movement. Then, the establishment on tajdid (modernization) grows as a motor to improve the system of its movement on finding the solution to ideology problem, politic, business, social, cultural, and defence. Muhammadiyah, which the first time moved on social-religious track, was still upbringing to comprehend and rolling in the progressivity of Moslem society as in the case Indonesia. By ijtihad (reasoning) and tajdid (modernization), the role-model of Muhammadiyah as a social-religious movement grows its root on business practice. The Council of Business and Enterpreneurship (MEK) of Muhammadiyah schedules on developing the House for Charity of Muhammadiyah (AUM). Dawam Rahardjo (2000) confirms, a large number of member and institution will represent as a comparative advantage capital resources to the movement of Muhammadiyah. Those resources orchestrate Muhammadiyah as an organization which is not only moves on social-education-and-religious practices, but as well in business and finance. At least, there are two reasons why Muhammadiyah rolls in business practice. Firstly, Muhammadiyah perform to roll in this business merit by the image of intechangible advantages to other charities: as well as schools, hospitals or religious calls. Secondly, Muhammadiyah sustains a potential power to organize those. That is supported by the fact that there are many beureucrates possess in higher structural of Muhammadiyah, the large number of human resources out-put by Muhammadiyah schools, the enterpreneurs possessions, and large number of its members. This paper researches the Muhammadiyah-Nomic, the contribution of ijtihad and tajdid on Charitable Enterprises of Muhammadiyah (AUM) in building the civilization of Islamic economy
The Equation of State and the Hugoniot of Laser Shock-Compressed Deuterium
The equation of state and the shock Hugoniot of deuterium are calculated
using a first-principles approach, for the conditions of the recent shock
experiments. We use density functional theory within a classical mapping of the
quantum fluids [ Phys. Rev. Letters, {\bf 84}, 959 (2000) ]. The calculated
Hugoniot is close to the Path-Integral Monte Carlo (PIMC) result. We also
consider the {\it quasi-equilibrium} two-temperature case where the Deuterons
are hotter than the electrons; the resulting quasi-equilibrium Hugoniot mimics
the laser-shock data. The increased compressibility arises from hot
pairs occuring close to the zero of the electron chemical potential.Comment: Four pages; One Revtex manuscript, two postscipt figures; submitted
to PR
Etika Organisasi Dalam Memberantas Korupsi Di Indonesia (Sebuah Pengantar Menuju Etika Publik)
Korupsi sebagai suatu hal yang mejadi akrab dalam telinga kita saat ini dikarenakan begitu kronis dan hampir merebak pada semua lini organisasi yang ada di Indonesia. Indonesia yang kaya raya, gemah ripah loh jenawi menjadi berantakan karena korupsi. Korupsi pun begitu dekat dengan kekuasaan bahkan bisa jadi kekuasan itu adalah korupsi. Prinsip moralitas menjadi penting untuk dikembangkan dalam setiap kekuasaan supaya tidak korup. Pendidikan dan lembaga pendidikan menjadi bagian penting dalam Perubahan dan pemberantasan budaya korupsi ini, sebagaimana telah dikembangkan di negara Hongkong
Implikasi Globalisasi dan Penegakan Hukum Progresif di Indonesia
The Pancasila role in law national development at globalization era, globalization affects the economic, political and legal culture, making the relationship the countries is becoming one global village. The aspect of substance by the increasing adopted liberalism or neo-liberalism; and the cultural aspects affect the attitudes and behaviors that tend to be individualistic society. The Pancasila as an ideology and the basic state of Indonesia in the development of national law is a necessary âstaatsfundamentalnorm or rechtsidee " to elaborated in the principles of law and implementing of law The Pancasila as well as a filter for conformance to International legal instruments that will be enforced; as well as guidance for state and government agencies in formulating, implementing, and enforcing, and guidelines for Indonesia people
Isochoric, isobaric and ultrafast conductivities of aluminum, lithium and carbon in the warm dense matter (WDM) regime
We study the conductivities of (i) the equilibrium isochoric state
(), (ii) the equilibrium isobaric state (),
and also the (iii) non-equilibrium ultrafast matter (UFM) state () with the ion temperature less than the the electron temperature
. Aluminum, lithium and carbon are considered, being increasingly complex
warm dense matter (WDM) systems, with carbon having transient covalent bonds.
First-principles calculations, i.e., neutral-pseudoatom (NPA) calculations and
density-functional theory (DFT) with molecular-dynamics (MD) simulations, are
compared where possible with experimental data to characterize and . The NPA are
closest to the available experimental data when compared to results from
DFT+MD, where simulations of about 64-125 atoms are typically used. The
published conductivities for Li are reviewed and the value at a temperature of
4.5 eV is examined using supporting X-ray Thomson scattering calculations. A
physical picture of the variations of with temperature and density
applicable to these materials is given. The insensitivity of to
below 10 eV for carbon, compared to Al and Li, is clarified.Comment: 10 figure
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