How can allocative inefficiency reveal risk preference? An empirical investigation on French wheat farms

We focus on a simple framework on wheat producer behaviour in a context of price output uncertainty. More precisely, we establish a relationship between ex post output price level and allocative inefficiency that allows to characterize farmers’ risk preferences. Given this analysis, the connection between risk aversion and other socioeconomic variables (such as degree of output specialisation, total asset, debts, farmer’s age…) can furthermore empirically be explored. This relationship is empirically tested on an unbalanced panel including about 650 wheat producers located in the French Department of Meuse over 1992- 2003.Producer behaviour, allocative inefficiency, risk aversion, Crop Production/Industries, Risk and Uncertainty,

Aversion to Health Inequalities and Priority Setting in Health Care

Traditionally aversion to health inequality is modelled through a concave utility function over health outcomes. Bleichrodt et al. (2004) have suggested a "dual" approach based on the introduction of explicit equity weights. The purpose of this paper is to analyze how priorities in health care are determined in the framework of these two models. It turns out that policy implications are highly sensitive to the choice of the model that will represent aversion to health inequality

Effects of exercise on inflammation in female survivors of nonmetastatic breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Despite advances in breast cancer treatment, recurrence remains common and contributes to higher mortality risk. Among the potential mechanisms, inflammation plays a key role in recurrence by promoting tumor progression. Exercise provides a wide array of health benefits and may reduce inflammation, potentially reducing mortality risk. However, the effects of exercise, including mode (ie, resistance training [RT], aerobic training [AT], and combined RT and AT) and program duration, on inflammatory biomarkers in breast cancer survivors remain to be elucidated. Methods: A systematic search was undertaken in PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, SPORTDiscus and CENTRAL in August 2024. Randomized controlled trials examining the effects of exercise on IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, and CRP were included. A random-effects meta-analysis was undertaken to quantify the magnitude of change. Results: Twenty-two studies were included (n = 968). Exercise induced small to large significant reductions in IL-6 (SMD = -0.85; 95% CI = -1.68 to -0.02; p = .05) and TNF-α (SMD = -0.40; 95% CI = -0.81 to 0.01; p = .05) and a trend for a decrease in CRP. When stratifying by exercise mode, trends toward reduction in IL-6 and TNF-α were observed for combined exercise, whilst changes were not generally affected by exercise program duration. Conclusion: Exercise, especially combined RT and AT, can reduce pro-inflammatory biomarkers, and may be a suitable strategy to reduce inflammation in breast cancer survivors. However, further research is needed to investigate the effects of exercise mode and program duration on markers of inflammation in this survivor group

Exercise and inflammation in female survivors of breast cancer: Systematic review and meta-analysis with secondary mediation analysis on body composition

Purpose: Inflammation plays a key role in breast cancer recurrence and mortality by promoting tumor progression. Exercise significantly reduces pro-inflammatory markers such as IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP, potentially reducing mortality risk. However, it is yet to be determined whether exercise-induced changes in body composition can modulate inflammatory biomarker responses in the breast cancer setting. Methods: We conducted a secondary mediation analysis based on the findings from our previously published systematic review with meta-analysis. Randomized controlled trials examining the effects of exercise on IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, and CRP and body composition and anthropometry measures such as lean mass (LM), fat mass (FM), body weight and body mass index (BMI) were included. Random-effect meta-regression models were undertaken. Results: Sixteen studies were included in the secondary analysis (n = 752). Increases in LM were significantly associated with reductions in IL-6 (p = 0.03) and there was a trend toward decreases in IL-8 (p = 0.05). In addition, there were non-significant trends suggesting that reductions in FM may be associated with decreases in IL-6 (p = 0.08) and TNF-α (p = 0.06), and that decreases in BMI may be linked to changes in IL-8 (p = 0.06). Conclusions: Changes in body composition following exercise were not consistently associated with inflammatory biomarker responses in breast cancer survivors with only LM significantly associated with IL-6 while a trend in LM and FM existed for some other inflammatory markers. Although these findings do not provide conclusive evidence, they highlight a possible role of exercise-induced body composition changes in mediating inflammation. Further research is needed to clarify whether targeted exercise interventions that improve body composition can contribute to reducing inflammation and, ultimately, impact breast cancer progression, recurrence, and mortality

Exploitation des auto-questionnaires de l'extension régionale Nord Pas-de-Calais de l'Enquête Nationale Santé et Soins Médicaux 2002 de l'INSEE.

178 p.Rapport final pour la Direction Régionale des Affaires Sanitaires et Sociales (DRASS) Nord Pas-de-Calais, juin