Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania in paediatric age: report of two cases

Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania (CPH) is a rare primary headache syndrome, which is classified along with hemicrania continua and short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT) as trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia (TACs). CPH is characterised by short-lasting (2–30 min), severe and multiple (more than 5/day) pain attacks. Headache is unilateral, and fronto-orbital-temporal pain is combined with cranial autonomic symptoms. According to the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd edition, the attacks are absolutely responsive to indomethacin. CPH has been only rarely and incompletely described in the developmental age. Here, we describe two cases concerning a 7-year-old boy and a 11-year-old boy with short-lasting, recurrent headache combined with cranial autonomic features. Pain was described as excruciating, and was non-responsive to most traditional analgesic drugs. The clinical features of our children’s headache and the positive response to indomethacin led us to propose the diagnosis of CPH. Therefore, our children can be included amongst the very few cases of this trigeminal autonomic cephalgia described in the paediatric age

Absolute Dampfdruckmessungen ueber ternaeren und quaternaeren unterkuehlten Fluessigkeiten zum besseren Verstaendnis der Zusammensetzung von polaren stratosphaerischen Wolken sowie die Untersuchung von chlor- und bromaktivierenden Reaktionen auf entsprechenden Oberflaechen Abschlussbericht

The solubility of HBr and HCl in H_2SO_4/H_2O and of HBr in HNO_3/H_2SO_4/H_2O mixtures was determined by measuring the equilibrium vapour pressure for stratospheric temperatures and acid concentrations. The solubility of both gases decrease with increasing acid concentration and temperature. In the case of the quaternary mixtures the vapour pressure of HNO_3 was also determined. The data set which is now available for the solubility of HBr and HCl in H_2SO_4/H_2O and HBr in HNO_3/H_2SO_4/H_2O may be used to test the validity of existing models and to further improve the models. In addition, the simple parameterisation of the solubility should be used for modelling the effect of heterogeneous reactions on atmospheric ozone destruction. (orig.)SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: DtF QN1(84,9) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekBundesministerium fuer Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Bonn (Germany)DEGerman

Energieverbrauch der privaten Haushalte und des Sektors Gewerbe, Handel, Dienstleistungen (GHD): Abschlussbericht an das Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Arbeit. In Zusammenarbeit mit dem Deutschen Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung (DIW), Berlin, GfK Marketing Services GmbH & Co KG, Nürnberg, GfK Panel Services Consumer Research GmbH, Nürnberg, Institut für Energetik und Umwelt GmbH, Leipzig, Lehrstuhl für Energiewirtschaft und Anwendungstechnik an der Technischen Universität München (TUM)

The objective of the study was to obtain reliable, representative and internationally comparable energy-related data using empirical surveys for the sectors "private households" and "trade, commerce and services" (referred to hereafter as the tertiary sector), which account for around 45% of final energy consumption in Germany. A degree of detail is targeted which goes beyond the level of whole sectors and which is underlaid with factors determining energy consumption based on sector-specific technical equipment. One aspect treated in more depth was the contribution of renewable energies, especially biomass, to energy supply. The experience gained with empirical instruments in these surveys should result in recommendations for the future so that reliable, up-to-date figures are available for both sectors at the lowest possible cost. A written survey was conducted in the private household sector in Dezember 2002 which resulted in a usable case number of 20235 households. Even though some of the questions asked were difficult to answer, this method was selected because of the much lower costs compared to face-to-face interviews. The fieldwork was done be GfK within the scope of multi-topic survey which was already being conducted in an existing household panel which further reduced the costs involved. Two pages of the questionnaire were dedicated for representative household structures.The energy consumption data determined in the survey were extrapolated specifically for each energy source to the total consumption of private households in Germany. This was based on an extrapolation approach which uses floorspace as the main reference variable plus additional stratification by regions (old and new federal states) and building or househould size

Energieverbrauch der privaten Haushalte und des Sektors Gewerbe, Handel, Dienstleistungen (GHD) - Projektnummer 17/02 Kurzfassung des Abschlussberichts an das Bundesministerium fuer Wirtschaft und Arbeit

The objective of the study was to obtain reliable, representative and internationally comparable energy-related data using empirical surveys for the sectors ''private households'' and ''trade, commerce and services"1'' (referred to hereafter as the tertiary sector"2), which account for around 45% of final energy consumption in Germany. A degree of detail is targeted which goes beyond the level of whole sectors and which is underlaid with factors determining energy consumption based on sector-specific technical equipment. One aspect treated in more depth was the contribution of renewable energies, especially biomass, to energy supply. The experience gained with empirical instruments in these surveys should result in recommendations for the future so that reliable, up-to-date figures are available for both sectors at the lowest possible cost. A written survey was conducted in the private household sector in December 2002 which resulted in a usable case number of 20 235 households. Even though some of the questions asked were difficult to answer, this method was selected because of the much lower costs compared to face-to-face interviews. The fieldwork was done by GfK within the scope of a multi-topic survey which was already being conducted in an existing household panel which further reduced the costs involved. Two pages of the questionnaire were dedicated to energy consumption and various influencing variables. The evaluation was weighted for representative household structures. The energy consumption data determined in the survey were extrapolated specifically for each energy source to the total consumption of private households in Germany. This was based on an extrapolation approach which uses floorspace as the main reference variable plus additional stratification by regions (old and new federal states) and building or household size. (orig.)Available from TIB Hannover / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

Energieverbrauch der privaten Haushalte und des Sektors Gewerbe, Handel, Dienstleistungen (GHD) Abschlussbericht

The household survey took place in December 2002 in over 27 000 representatively selected German private households within the GfK Mail Panel. The total number of respondents can be characterised as very good at 20 325 or 75% of the gross sample, especially as some of the information required was relatively complex. This is especially true for the key questions on the amount of energy used and energy costs. The evaluation of the data resulted in an extrapolation of the energy consumption for the year 2002 on the one hand and, on the other, in analyses of energy related equipment and structural features as well as influencing variables on the energy consumption. A total energy consumption of 700 TWh resulted from this extrapolation for households in 2002 which can be split as follows: 18% for electricity, 38% for gas, 31% for fuel oil, 5% for district heating, 1% for coal and 7% for wood and other energy sources (Table2-2). Compared with the consumption shown by the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen (2003), the extrapolations resulted in lower consumption figures in total and for all energy carriers with the exception of heating oil. However, the overall difference of almost 7% should not be rated as very large in view of the uncertainties connected with the survey and the extrapolation itself. (orig.)Project number 17/02SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekBundesministerium fuer Wirtschaft und Arbeit, Bonn (Germany)DEGerman