8 research outputs found
Land Property Rights, Cadasters and Economic Growth: A Cross-Country Panel 1000-2015 CE
Since the transition to agricultural production, property rights to land have been a key institution for economic development. Clearly defined land rights provide economic agents with increased access to credit, secure returns on investment, free up resources used to defend oneâs land rights, and
facilitate land market transactions. Formalized land records also strengthen governmentsâ capacity to
tax land-owners. Despite a large body of extant micro-level empirical studies, macro-level research
on the evolution of formal rights to land, and their importance for economic growth, has so far been
lacking. In this paper, we present a novel data set on the emergence of state-administered cadasters
(i.e. centralized land records) for 159 countries over the last millennium. We also analyze empirically
the association between the development of cadastral institutions and long-run economic growth in a panel of countries. Our findings demonstrate a substantive positive effect of the introduction of
cadasters on modern per capita income levels, supporting theoretical conjectures that states with
more formalized property rights to land should experience higher levels of economic growth
State Capacity, Democracy and Public Good Production: The case of Child Mortality
The paper examines government-business relationships by focusing on the effect of the organizational design of public bureaucracies on entrepreneurship in Russia. Using novel data from an expert survey on bureaucratic structures across a large sample of Russiaâs primary administrative units, we find that higher rates of merit-based employment to regional bureaucracies and lower rates of âat willâ dismissals are positively associated with lower investment risk and higher entrepreneurship rates. This is conditional on a number of socio-economic factors, and robust to alternative specifications
Evaluation of prescription medication changes following sleeve gastrectomy surgery
Abstract Objective The increasing global prevalence of obesity, coupled with its association with chronic health conditions and rising healthcare costs, highlights the need for effective interventions; however, despite the availability of treatment options, the ongoing success of primary interventions in maintaining longâterm weight loss remains limited. This study examined the prescription medication dispensing changes following sleeve gastrectomy in Australians aged 45 years and over. Methods In a retrospective analysis of 847 bariatric surgery patients from the New South Wales 45 and Up Study, the assessment of medication patterns categorizing into three groups: gastrointestinal, metabolic, cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and nervous systems was conducted. Each drug class was analyzed, focusing on patients with dispensing records within the 12 months before surgery. This study employed interrupted timeâseries analysis to compare preâ and postâsurgery medication usage. Results With a predominantly female population (76.9%) and an average age of 57.2 (standard deviation 5.71), there were statistically significant reductions in both unique medications (12.5% decrease, p = 0.004) and total medications dispensed (15.9% decrease, p = 0.003) from 12 months before surgery to 13â24 months after bariatric surgery. All medication categories, except opioids, showed reductions. Notably, the most significant reductions were observed in diabetes (38.6%), agents acting on the reninâangiotensin system (40.4%), lipid modifying agents (26.5%), antiâinflammatory products (46.3%), and obstructive airway diseases (53.3%) medications during this time frame. Conclusion These findings suggest that sleeve gastrectomy provides an effective therapeutic intervention for patients with comorbidities requiring multiple medications, especially for obesityârelated diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular, respiratory and musculoskeletal disorders