Cechy zaburzeń osobowości a kompulsywne objadanie się u osób otyłych

Introduction: Many obese people face compulsive eating and mental dysfunction. The aim of the study was to findthe relationship between characteristic features, personality disorders and the problem of compulsive eating in an obeseperson (BMI ≥ 30). Material and methods: 290 people, 241 women (83.1%) and 49 men (16.9%) participated in the study. The participantswere assigned to a Research group (BMI ≥ 30) or Control group (BMI 18.5–24.99). People with other eatingdisorders: anorexia, bulimia and diagnosed pregnancy were excluded from the study. Data were collected by meansof an online survey and in a paper-version. The research tools which were used are an original questionnaire based ondiagnostic criteria DSM-5, ACL Adjective List, SCID II Personality Questionnaire, STAI Self Assessment Questionnaire. Results: There was a statistically significant correlation between some types of personality disorders, intensity of certainpersonality traits and anxiety as a state of mind and traits and compulsive eating syndrome in obese people. The relationshipsbetween age, education and compulsive eating were demontsrated in the research group. Conclusions: The treatment of obesity requires a holistic and multifaceted approach to the patient. The cognition ofthe mental dysfunctions which accompanies it seems to be crucial in choosing the right therapy.Wstęp: Wiele otyłych osób zmaga się z kompulsywnym jedzeniem oraz dysfunkcjami psychicznymi. Celem pracy było znalezienie zależności pomiędzy charakterystycznymi cechami, zaburzeń osobowości a problemem kompulsywnego jedzenia u osoby otyłej ze wskaźnikiem masy ciała (BMI) ≥ 30. Materiał i metody: W badaniu wzięło udział 290 osób, 241 kobiet (83,1%) i 49 mężczyzn (16,9%). Uczestników przydzielono do grupy badawczej (BMI ≥ 30) lub kontrolnej (BMI 18,5–24,99). Z badania wyłączono osoby z innymi zaburzeniami odżywiania: anoreksją, bulimią oraz ze zdiagnozowaną ciążą w chwili badania. Dane zbierano za pomocą ankiety internetowej oraz w wersji papier-ołówek. Narzędzia badawcze, które zastosowano, to autorski kwestionariusz oparty na kryteriach diagnostycznych Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), Lista Przymiotnikowa (ACL), Kwestionariusz Osobowości (SCID II), Kwestionariusz Samooceny State-TraitAnxiety Inventory (STAI). Wyniki: Wykazano istotną statystycznie zależność pomiędzy niektórymi typami zaburzeń osobowości, nasileniem pewnych cech osobowości oraz lękiem jako stanu i cechy a zespołem kompulsywnego jedzenia u osób otyłych. Dowiedziono zależności pomiędzy wiekiem, wykształceniem a kompulsywnym jedzeniem w badanej grupie. Wnioski: Leczenie otyłości wymaga holistycznego i wielopłaszczyznowego podejścia do pacjenta. Poznanie współtowarzyszących jej dysfunkcji psychicznych wydaje się kluczowe w doborze odpowiedniej terapii

Gifts of the Nile : materials that shaped the early Egyptian burial tradition

We are used to thinking about ancient Egypt as "the gift of the Nile."However, in the light of recent field research the famous sentence by Herodotus finds a more profound explanation. The idea of the "gift" may be easily extended from abundance of water in the land surrounded by desert and fertile river mud turning Egypt into the granary of the ancient world to a variety of materials, which were used with the typical ancient Egyptian creativity to build monuments of their civilization, houses but also tombs. The cemetery of Tell el-Farkha serves as an example since it preserved numerous graves of the Proto- and Early Dynastic date, each of them constructed of locally available sources. The abundant materials such as mud, straw, and reed were the base for construction of all typical burial elements of differentiated value, varying according to the amount of work engaged and the level of technological innovation applied. In fact, the materials became the basic factor that shaped Egyptian burial tradition, influencing the form of canonical graves. A closer analysis of all materials used for an early Egyptian burial shows that the idea of value was much more complex than was previously accepted. Foreign resources were highly valued, but technology was also important for the Egyptians and the final effect mattered at least equally, if not even more than the price and rarity of applied materials. Our excavation project was supported by experimental archaeological undertakings, as well as ethnographic studies, which gave us more data to better interpret the economic and social meaning of the ancient materials used as structural elements and furnishing for early Egyptian tombs

Food and Drink in the Early Egyptian Funeral Tradition : the Case of Tell el‑Farkha

The site of Tell el‑Farkha is located in the Eastern Nile Delta. The Polish Archaeological Expedition to the Eastern Nile Delta’s excavation project conducted there revealed over 150 graves with various remains of food offerings dated to the 4th millennium BC. Some of the goods were found in the form of actual ready-to-eat dishes; the presence of others is only suggested by particular types of pottery packaging, and some seem to be substituted by symbolic items. The popularity and diversity of food and drink (for example wine, beer, bread, cereals, meat, or fish) deposited in tombs evolved over time reflecting deeper changes within early Egyptian society. The picture is complemented by comparative data from settlement layers, which proves that edibles offered to the dead were local products. In order to illustrate this kind of activity, examples of brewing and bread baking facilities are briefly discussed. Finally, some reconstructed food production processes, believed to have been practiced at the site, are presented

Modern technologies in archaeology with the example of grave complex no. 55 from Tell el-Farkha, Egypt

Burial enclosure no. 55 from Tell el-Farkha belongs to the most interesting sepulchral structures discovered at the site. Despite its monumental architectural form and rich offerings the actual state, in which the construction was found, makes that typical archaeological methods of its presentation do not render its full magnificence. Modern digital technologies, with the possibility of computer generated 3D reconstructions of such structures, permit to supplement 2D plans and photographs. As an effect, thanks to combination of classic documentation and virtual reconstruction, a possibly complete picture of an ancient structure, which has lost its original form long ago, may be regained

“Another brick in the wall” or how to build an Ancient Egyptian house

In an attempt to answer many practical questions related to mudbrick production, this paper sets forth an experimental approach relevant to the technique used in Late Pre- and Early Dynastic Egypt. The paper surveys possible sources of information on the ancient technique and previous experimental approaches. Then, it presents the experiment methodology and the resulting observations and calculations, which were later used as a standard for simulations of time and workload needed to construct particular types of structures excavated in Tell el-Farkha. Our most important observations are the widely underestimated stage of seasoning, the problem of accessibility of space for brick drying, transportation of ready-to-use bricks to the construction site and calculations we made based on numbers obtained during the experimental brick production. Our simulations show that building monumental structures needed communal effort, while household structures could have been built by the people who intended to use them for their own needs

Golden beads in the context of the Lower Egyptian culture

Gold has great power and for centuries it has been seen as a very special status marker for many societies around the world. Quite naturally, the fi rst objects made of it belonged to personal adornments, and most commonly they were shaped as beads. In Egypt, one of the earliest examples of gold items comes from the context of the Lower Egyptian culture. Beads discovered at Tell el-Farkha were analyzed in order to identify their chemical composition, details of workmanship and typical shapes, together with other known examples from a similar time and place of discovery (Kom el-Khilgan, Minshat Abu Omar and Gerzeh). Interestingly, regardless of their cultural connections, all the golden beads discussed show many similarities, mostly in terms of the goldsmithing techniques. Observation and uniqueness of the fi nds lead to the conclusion that all of them could have had common origin and were found distributed over such a vast area thanks to trade exchange.L’or a une grande puissance et pendant des siècles a été considéré comme un marqueur de statut très particulier pour de nombreuses sociétés à travers le monde. Les premiers objets fabriqués dans cette matière appartenaient à des parures personnelles, et le plus souvent étaient façonnés sous forme de perles. Parmi les plus anciens exemples d’objets en or découverts en Égypte, certains sont associés à la culture de Basse Égypte. Des perles découvertes à Tell el-Farkha ont ainsi été analysées afin de déterminer leur composition chimique, les détails de leur fabrication ainsi que leurs formes caractéristiques, tout comme d’autres exemplaires provenant de contextes similaires (Kôm el-Khilgan, Minshat Abou Omar et Gerzeh). Fait intéressant, indépendamment de leurs liens culturels, toutes les perles en or examinées présentent de nombreuses similitudes, notamment en termes de techniques d’orfèvrerie. Les observation et les particularités des objets étudiés mènent à la conclusion que tous auraient une origine commune et ont été distribués sur un vaste territoire grâce aux échanges commerciaux.Dębowska-Ludwin Joanna, Rosińska-Balik Karolina, Czarnowicz Marcin. Golden beads in the context of the Lower Egyptian culture. In: Archéo-Nil. Revue de la société pour l'étude des cultures prépharaoniques de la vallée du Nil, n°25, 2015. Aux marges de la vallée du Nil. pp. 45-56

Golden beads in the context of the Lower Egyptian culture

Gold has great power and for centuries it has been seen as a very special status marker for many societies around the world. Quite naturally, the fi rst objects made of it belonged to personal adornments, and most commonly they were shaped as beads. In Egypt, one of the earliest examples of gold items comes from the context of the Lower Egyptian culture. Beads discovered at Tell el-Farkha were analyzed in order to identify their chemical composition, details of workmanship and typical shapes, together with other known examples from a similar time and place of discovery (Kom el-Khilgan, Minshat Abu Omar and Gerzeh). Interestingly, regardless of their cultural connections, all the golden beads discussed show many similarities, mostly in terms of the goldsmithing techniques. Observation and uniqueness of the fi nds lead to the conclusion that all of them could have had common origin and were found distributed over such a vast area thanks to trade exchange.L’or a une grande puissance et pendant des siècles a été considéré comme un marqueur de statut très particulier pour de nombreuses sociétés à travers le monde. Les premiers objets fabriqués dans cette matière appartenaient à des parures personnelles, et le plus souvent étaient façonnés sous forme de perles. Parmi les plus anciens exemples d’objets en or découverts en Égypte, certains sont associés à la culture de Basse Égypte. Des perles découvertes à Tell el-Farkha ont ainsi été analysées afin de déterminer leur composition chimique, les détails de leur fabrication ainsi que leurs formes caractéristiques, tout comme d’autres exemplaires provenant de contextes similaires (Kôm el-Khilgan, Minshat Abou Omar et Gerzeh). Fait intéressant, indépendamment de leurs liens culturels, toutes les perles en or examinées présentent de nombreuses similitudes, notamment en termes de techniques d’orfèvrerie. Les observation et les particularités des objets étudiés mènent à la conclusion que tous auraient une origine commune et ont été distribués sur un vaste territoire grâce aux échanges commerciaux.Dębowska-Ludwin Joanna, Rosińska-Balik Karolina, Czarnowicz Marcin. Golden beads in the context of the Lower Egyptian culture. In: Archéo-Nil. Revue de la société pour l'étude des cultures prépharaoniques de la vallée du Nil, n°25, 2015. Aux marges de la vallée du Nil. pp. 45-56