Influence of Partial Soil Wetting on Water Relation Parameters of the Olive Tree

A drip versus pond irrigation experiment was carried out with 30-year-old ‘Manzanilla’ olive trees planted at 7 m 5 m in an orchard in Southwest Spain. At the end of the dry season of 1998, we chose two dry-land trees, D1 and D2, and two drip-irrigated trees, I1 and I2. During the experiments, the D1 and I1 trees were pond-irrigated, increasing the soil water content to around field capacity in the whole rootzone. The D2 and I2 trees were drip-irrigated, remaining part of the rootzone in drying soil. The results showed that the ratio between the transpiration of the pond-irrigated D1 tree and that of the drip-irrigated D2 tree (D1/D2 Ep) increased from an average of 0.88 before irrigation to 1.22 fourteen days after the first water supply. For the I trees, I1/I2 Ep varied from 0.76 to 1.02 nine days after the I1 tree was pond-irrigated for the first time. Transpiration, therefore, was restricted when using a drip irrigation system which, despite supplying enough water to cover the calculated crop demand, affected a part of the rootzone only. During the drip versus pond irrigation experiment, the recovery of leaf water potential, stomatal conductance and photosynthesis rate was greater and quicker in the pond-irrigated than in the drip-irrigated trees.– Influence de l’irrigation partielle du sol sur les paramètres des relations hydriques de l’olivier. Une comparaison de l’irrigation goutte à goutte avec l’irrigation en cuvette a été conduite sur oliviers ‘Manzanilla’ âgés de 30 ans plantés à 7 m 5 m dans un verger du sud-ouest de l’Espagne. À la fin de la saison sèche de 1998, nous avons choisi deux arbres sur sol sec, D1 et D2, et deux arbres sur sol irrigué au goutte à goutte, I1 et I2. Durant les expériences, les arbres D1 et I1 ont été irrigués en cuvette, en augmentant la teneur en eau du sol jusqu’à la capacité au champ dans toute la zone racinaire. Les arbres D2 et I2 ont été irrigués au goutte à goutte, laissant une partie de la zone racinaire dans un sol se desséchant. Les résultats ont montré que le quotient entre la transpiration de l’arbre D1 irrigué en cuvette et celle de l’arbre D2 irrigué au goutte à goutte (D1/D2 Ep) a augmenté à partir d’une moyenne de 0,88 avant irrigation jusqu’à 1,22 quatorze jours après le premier apport d’eau. Pour les arbres I, I1/I2 Ep a varié entre 0,76 et 1,02 neuf jours après que l’arbre I1 ait été irrigué en cuvette pour la première fois. Par conséquent, la transpiration était réduite quand on utilisait un système d’irrigation au goutte à goutte qui, malgré l’apport d’eau suffisant pour couvrir les besoins potentiels des cultures, a affecté seulement une partie de la zone racinaire. Durant cette comparaison de l’irrigation goutte à goutte et de l’irrigation en cuvette, la récupération de la teneur en eau des feuilles, de la conductance stomatique et du taux de photosynthèse était supérieure et plus rapide pour les arbres irrigués en cuvette que pour ceux irrigués au goutte à goutte

Power Systems Monitoring and Control using Telecom Network Management Standards

Historically, different solutions have been developed for power systems control and telecommunications network management environments. The former was characterized by proprietary solutions, while the latter has been involved for years in a strong standardization process guided by criteria of openness. Today, power systems control standardization is in progress, but it is at an early stage compared to the telecommunications management area, especially in terms of information modeling. Today, control equipment tends to exhibit more computational power, and communication lines have increased their performance. These trends hint at some conceptual convergence between power systems and telecommunications networks from a management perspective. This convergence leads us to suggest the application of well-established telecommunications management standards for power systems control. This paper shows that this is a real medium-to-long term possibility

Association of retroperitoneal lymphangioleiomyomatosis with endosalpingiosis: a case report

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis is a rare disorder of unknown origin that usually presents pulmonary symptoms. Retroperitoneal lymphangioleiomyomatosis without lung involvement has rarely been reported. We present a 38-year-old woman, the fourth case reported of retroperitoneal lymphangioleiomyomatosis with endosalpingiosis in the literature

Records of the Crowned Eagle (Urubitinga coronata) in Moxos plains of Bolivia and observations about breeding behavior

The Crowned Eagle (Urubitinga coronata, Accipitridae) is a globally endangered raptor, endemic to central and southern South America. Little is known about this species in Bolivia and no nesting or prey data have been reported for the country until now. Between 2007 and 2011, we detected Crowned Eagles in four different locations in Moxos Savannahs of Beni Department, Bolivia. We observed an active nest of Crowned Eagle on 23 November 2007. The nest contained a nestling and it was placed on a living tree approximately 13 m in height and approximately 8 m above the ground. This nest was empty during September and October 2008, but contained another nestling on 15 November 2009. These represent the first breeding records for the Crowned Eagle in Bolivia. Prey remains at the nest observed included two nine-banded armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus) and two six-banded armadillos (Euphractus sexcinctus). The minimum number of individual Crowned Eagles in the surveyed area was seven. Our observations of family groups, juveniles and two nestlings confirm the breeding of Crowned Eagles in the Moxos plains. Ectoparasites and uncontrolled burns may threaten the northwestern Bolivian population of the endangered Crowned Eagle.Fil: Berkunsky, Igor. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto Multidisciplinario sobre Ecosistemas y Desarrollo Sustentable. Grupo de Ecología Matemática; Argentina. Proyecto de conservación de la Paraba Barba Azul; BoliviaFil: Daniele, Gonzalo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo; Argentina. Proyecto de conservación de la Paraba Barba Azul; BoliviaFil: Kacoliris, Federico Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo; Argentina. Proyecto de conservación de la Paraba Barba Azul; BoliviaFil: Faegre, Sarah Kelly. University of Washington; Estados UnidosFil: Gandoy, Facundo Ariel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo; ArgentinaFil: González, Lyliam. Paraíso Travel; BoliviaFil: Díaz Luque, José Antonio. Proyecto de conservación de la Paraba Barba Azul; Bolivi

Socrates thematic network to enhance European teaching of operations and supply chain management: goals, tasks and preliminary results

The EurOMA-sponsored THENEXOM network has been approved by the European Commission through its Socrates community action programme. THENEXOM’s short-term goal is to analyse the present state of Operations and Supply Chain Management in European universities and to identify strengths and weaknesses in order to instigate the use of better practices. A census is being drawn up of OM teachers throughout the 24 countries (and 27 universities) making up the network. A survey can then be taken of the teaching-staff, content and methods employed. The network’s medium-term aim is to tighten links between teaching, research and business practice by reducing imbalances. In compliance with EU recommendations, strategic connections are being sought with America and Asia to expand aforesaid objectives and actions throughout the world.La red THENEXOM, promovida por EurOMA, ha sido aprobada por la Comisión Europea (programa de acción comunitaria Sócrates). Su objetivo a corto plazo es estudiar la situación de la Dirección de Operaciones y la Gestión de Cadenas de Suministro en las universidades europeas, buscando identificar fortalezas y deficiencias y promover el empleo de las mejores prácticas. Para ello se está elaborando un censo de docentes de DO en los 24 países representados en la red (por 27 instituciones universitarias); éste permitirá el desarrollo de una encuesta sobre profesorado, contenidos y metodología docente. A medio plazo, la red ha de servir para estrechar vínculos entre enseñanza, investigación y práctica empresarial, limando los posibles desfases. Siguiendo las recomendaciones de la UE, se están realizando conexiones estratégicas con América y Asia para extender los objetivos y actuaciones mencionados

An Analytical Model for Estimating the Delay in Bluetooth Communications with Serial Port Profile

Bluetooth is currently a major technology for the deployment of wireless short range communications. This paper presents an ana-lytical model to compute the delay of Bluetooth transmissions with Serial Port Profile (SPP), which is nowadays widely utilized by commercial Bluetooth-enabled devices. In particular, the pro-posed equations permit to estimate the packet delay in ideal transmission conditions (when no retransmission occurs) and also when environmental noise induces losses and consequently there exist a certain probability that a packet has to be retransmitted. The model takes into consideration the overhead and segmenta-tion introduced by the protocols involved in the transmission as well as the extra delay introduced by the retransmissions. The model has been empirically validated through the measurements of Bluetooth connections in an actual test-bed.Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia TEC2006-12211-C02-0

Characterization of Bluetooth Packet Delay in Noisy Environments

This letter presents an analytical model to compute the delay of Bluetooth transmissions with Serial Port Profile (SPP) when interferences cause packet retransmissions. In particular, the model takes into consideration the overhead and segmentation introduced by the protocol stack as well as the extra delay provoked by the retransmissions. The model is empirically validated through the measurements of actual Bluetooth connections.Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia TEC2006-12211-C02-0

Overhead and Segmentation Mismatch Effect on Bluetooth WPAN Performance

Currently, Bluetooth is the most widely used technology for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPAN). Quality-of-Service (QoS) support is critical to ensure bandwidth maximization for mobile applications based on this WPAN technology. The overhead introduced by the different layers of Bluetooth protocol may have a serious impact on WPAN performance. However, most studies of Bluetooth performance neglect this overhead and assume that data are directly transmitted over L2CAP (Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol) or even HCI (Host Controller Interface) layers. In fact, this option is not feasible in most Bluetooth applications, as they integrate actual devices that implement a particular Bluetooth profile, usually SPP (Serial Port Profile). The use of profiles cannot be disregarded as they guarantee the interoperability between devices from different vendors. The aim of this paper is to characterise the performance of a Bluetooth WPAN (specifically the end-to-end delay and the throughput) when profiles are utilised. This study takes into account the overhead added by the protocols taking part in the transmission of user data. This paper also explores the effect of segmentation mismatch that may appear when the maximum size for data in each layer of the architecture is different. The analysis has been focused on SPP and PAN (Personal Area Networks) profiles. In the case of the PAN profile, the study concludes that the network performance decreases for user data sizes greater than 1,472 bytes, since the excessive overhead added by the network layer is increased by the IP (Internet Proto-col) fragmentation. In the case of SPP, an inappropriate choice of the maximum data unit at RFCOMM (Radio Frequency Communication for Serial Cable Emulation Protocol based on ETSI TS 07.10) and L2CAP layers can also heavily affect the transmission delay

Analysis of Bluetooth Transmission Delay in Personal Area Networks

Bluetooth is by far the most employed technology to develop practical applications of Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPAN). This paper studies the performance of Bluetooth transmissions that make use of the Bluetooth PAN (Personal Area Network) profile. In particular, the study offers an analytical model that defines the optimal bound for the end-to-end data delay. The proposed ‘delay budget’ takes into account the overhead and segmentation provoked by the protocols involved in the transmission of user data. The model is empirically validated by comparing its results with those obtained through the measurements of actual Bluetooh connections.Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia TEC2006-12211-C02-0