A methodology for the capture and analysis of hybrid data: a case study of program debugging

No description supplie

Characterisation and categorisation of the diversity in viscoelastic vibrational properties between 98 wood types

International audienceContext Increased knowledge on diversity in wood properties would have implications both for fundamental research and for promoting a diversification of uses as material. *Aims The objective is to contribute to overcoming the critical lack of data on the diversity of wood dynamic mechanical/viscoelastic vibrational properties, by testing lesser-known species and categorizing sources of variability. *Methods Air-dry axial specific dynamic modulus of elasticity (E'/γ) and damping coefficient (tanδ) were measured on a wide sampling (1792 specimens) of 98 wood types from 79 species. An experimental device and protocol was designed for conducting systematic (i.e. rapid and reproducible) characterizations. *Results Diversity at the specimens' level corroborates the "standard" relationship between tanδ and E'/γ, which is discussed in terms of orientation of wood elements and of chemical composition. Diversity at the species level is expressed on the basis of results for normal heartwood, with specific gravity (γ) ranging from 0.2 to 1.3. Axial E'/γ ranges from 9 to 32 GPa and tanδ from 4×10-3 to 19×10-3. Properties distribution follows a continuum, but with group characteristics. The lowest values of tanδ are only found in certain tropical hardwoods. Results can also suggest alternative species for musical instruments making

Participation in an Open Source Software Community.

International audienc

Special issue : Perspectives on quality of collaboration in design. CoDesign: International Journal of CoCreation in Design and the Arts. Volume 8, issue 4.

This special issue brings together recent research on collaboration in design situations, with a focus on analysing and evaluating the “quality of collaboration” in these situations. Although there is no consensus on a definition of collaboration, most researchers would agree that it involves sharing of goals, resources and representations relating to the joint activity of participants. Other important aspects relate to mutual respect, trust, responsibilities and accountability, within situational rules and norms. Moreover, the very notion of collaboration seems to presuppose a certain degree of equality between participants in terms of right to contribute (notwithstanding a more or less hierarchical situation), in the context of a socio-institutional mode of organisation that favours co-elaboration of ideas, knowledge objects or tangible artefacts. In task-oriented collective activities such as design, the question of the interplay between collaboration processes, task processes and their (various) outcomes is central, not least in order to try to understand what ways of working together favour most effective designs. This is a question that concerns the broad range of social actors involved in and concerned by design activity, across different professional and educational situations.The integrative concept of quality of collaboration has been proposed recently as a means for addressing this question. The term ‘quality’ here can be understood from different points of view: in descriptive terms (identifying and discriminating the intrinsic properties of collaboration), in a normative sense (identifying what makes ‘good’ or less good collaboration, considered sui generis as well as in relation to its outcomes), or a combination of both. Different perspectives on the collaborative process and experience can be considered and compared, from first-person perspectives (of collaboration participants, of their institutions, companies) to third-party analyses of the complex processes and outcomes associated to collaborative design activity. This special issue on the quality of collaboration in design situation comprises four contributions that represent various disciplinary approaches and research domains, in cognitive ergonomics and psychology (Détienne, Baker & Burkhardt, 2012), conversational analysis and ethnomethodology (Heinemann, Landgrebe & Matthews, 2012; Karlgren, 2012) and design methodology (Luke, 2012)

Nouvelles directions de recherche en ergonomie des activités de conception : participation et qualité du produit dans les communautés en ligne épistémiques

International audienceCet article porte sur les communautés en ligne à finalité de production de connaissances, ou communautés épistémiques, telles que les communautés de conception de logiciels open source et les communautés Wikipedia. L’objectif de cet article est d’identifier et de développer plusieurs questions de recherche que ces nouvelles formes de collectifs posent à l’ergonomie. Après un positionnement théorique sur ces collectifs vus comme des collectifs de conception, nous développerons trois lignes de questionnement centrées sur le processus et le produit de la conception. Une première direction de questionnement porte sur les formes de participation dans ces communautés abordées sous l’angle de l’analyse de l’activité. Une deuxième direction concerne les mécanismes de soutien socio-techniques à la participation et notamment au maintien d’une conscience de la situation et d’une conscience sociale. Enfin nous traiterons plus particulièrement de la question de la qualité du produit de la conception. Chaque thème est abordé en dressant un état de l’art et en indiquant des pistes de recherche, certaines pluridisciplinaires

Collaboration formats and creativitya field study of video game design by professionals

International audienc