Implementation of lean manufacturing in a food enterprise

The current industrial competitiveness requires companies to adopt better production methodologies, in order to reduce costs and maximize profits. This is where the adoption of lean manufacturing culture in organizations can generate changes in mentality that focus on free trade of all types of waste, without neglecting the quality. This research aimed to implement the thinking and principles of this philosophy in a food processing company to use resources efficiently, reduce costs and generate higher profits. More than performing a process map and detailed description of key operational processes, three tools of lean manufacturing were used. With 5s was established a clean and orderly work, with the tool just in time waste of different nature including cycle time production decreased; and with VSM the value chain and the new way of working was plotted, without waste

Towards a dynamic checklist of lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi of Ecuador – using the <i>Consortium of Lichen Herbaria</i> to manage fungal biodiversity in a megadiverse country

peer reviewedA checklist of Lichen-forming, Lichenicolous and Allied Fungi of Ecuador is presented with a total of 2599 species, of which 39 are reported for the first time from the country. The names of three species, Hypotrachyna montufariensis, H. subpartita and Sticta hypoglabra, previously not validly published, are validated. Pertusaria oahuensis, originally introduced by Magnusson as ‘ad interim’, is validated as Lepra oahuensis. The form Leucodermia leucomelos f. albociliata is validated. Two new combinations, Fissurina tectigera and F. timida, are made, and Physcia mobergii is introduced as a replacement name for the illegitimate P. lobulata Moberg non (Flörke) Arnold. In an initial step, the checklist was compiled by reviewing literature records of Ecuadorian lichen biota spanning from the late 19th century to the present day. Subsequently, records were added based on vouchers from 56 collections participating in the Consortium of Lichen Herbaria, a Symbiota-based biodiversity platform with particular focus on, but not exclusive to, North and South America. Symbiota provides sophisticated tools to manage biodiversity data, such as occurrence records, a taxonomic thesaurus, and checklists. The thesaurus keeps track of frequently changing names, distinguishing taxa currently accepted from ones considered synonyms. The software also provides tools to create and manage checklists, with an emphasis on selecting vouchers based on occurrence records that can be verified for identification accuracy. Advantages and limitations of creating checklists in Symbiota versus traditional ways of compiling these lists are discussed. Traditional checklists are well suited to document current knowledge as a ‘snapshot in time’. They are important baselines, frequently used by ecologists and conservation scientists as an established naming convention for citing species reported from a country. Compiling these lists, however, requires an immense effort, only to inadequately address the dynamic nature of scientific discovery. Traditional checklists are thus quickly out of date, particularly in groups with rapidly changing taxonomy, such as lichenized fungi. Especially in megadiverse countries, where new species and new occurrences continue to be discovered, traditional checklists are not easily updated; these lists necessarily fall short of efficiently managing immense data sets, and they rely primarily on secondary evidence (i.e. literature records rather than specimens). Ideally, best practices make use of dynamic database platforms such as Symbiota to assess occurrence records based both on literature citations and voucher specimens. Using modern data management tools comes with a learning curve. Systems like Symbiota are not necessarily intuitive and their functionality can still be improved, especially when handling literature records. However, online biodiversity data platforms have much potential in more efficiently managing and assessing large biodiversity data sets, particularly when investigating the lichen biota of megadiverse countries such as Ecuador

Las prácticas preprofesionales en la formación inicial docente de EGB, el rol del maestro tutor

La presente monografía pretende determinar mediante la investigación bibliográfica, la influencia que tienen los maestros tutores de aula en la formación inicial de docentes de Educación General Básica, cuyo propósito ha sido obtener información sobre este proceso y servir como base de estudio para futuras investigaciones. El primer capítulo recopila información referente a las prácticas preprofesionales y explicará en qué consiste la formación inicial docente de Educación General Básica en el contexto nacional y latinoamericano, tomando a las instituciones educativas de prácticas preprofesionales como espacios de interacción. En un segundo capítulo se estudiará al maestro tutor de aula, profesional que recibe al estudiante practicante en su salón de clases, se analizará su importancia, rol, funciones, habilidades y ciertos retos que debe asumir en su acción tutorial. Finalmente, en un tercer capítulo se analizarán las percepciones que los maestros tutores de aula tienen acerca de este proceso, mediante la recopilación e interpretación de datos provenientes de encuestas y de esta manera dilucidar cuales son los aspectos del profesional que influyen en la formación de los futuros docentes de EGB. Los resultados muestran una ambivalencia entre las percepciones que presentan los maestros tutores con respecto a las prácticas preprofesionales y a los practicantes; algunos comentan cierto beneficio para los profesionales y para la institución educativa, o todo lo contrario, cuando demuestran cierto rechazo o negligencia y esta situación los lleva a realizar actividades que difieren de sus estudios por mantener una buena relación, y es así como su influencia es altamente significativa.This monograph aims to determine through bibliographic research, the influence that classroom tutors have in the initial training of teachers of Basic General Education, whose purpose has been to obtain information on this process and serve as a basis for further research. The first chapter collects information regarding pre-professional practices and will explain what is the initial basic training of Basic General Education in the national and Latin American context, taking the educational institutions of pre-professional practices as spaces for interaction. In a second chapter, the classroom teacher tutor, a professional who receives the student in his classroom, will be studied, his importance, role, functions, skills and certain challenges that he must assume in his tutorial action will be analyzed. Finally, in a third chapter we will analyze the perceptions that the classroom teacher tutors have about this process, through the collection and interpretation of data from surveys and in this way elucidate what are the aspects of the professional that influence the formation of the future teachers of EGB. The results show an ambivalence between the perceptions presented by the teacher tutors regarding preprofessional practices and practitioners; Some comment on a certain benefit for professionals and for the educational institution, or quite the opposite, when they show a certain rejection or neglect and this situation leads them to carry out activities that differ from their studies to maintain a good relationship, and that is how their influence is highly significantLicenciado en Educación General BásicaCuenc

La cultura organizacional y su incidencia en el desempeño laboral de los trabajadores de la empresa Comercial JYN de la ciudad de Cuenca, periodo 2019

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como finalidad identificar la Cultura Organizacional presente en la empresa Comercial JYN y determinar si ésta guarda alguna relación con el Desempeño Laboral de sus empleados; para ello la metodología empleada consistió en el desarrollo y aplicación de dos cuestionarios, uno para cada variable. El cuestionario de Cultura Organizacional se divide en dos partes: la primera busca identificar la cultura actual y contrastarla con la cultura deseada, mientras que la segunda profundiza características culturales. En tanto que para el Desempeño Laboral, se evaluaron funciones específicas según cada puesto de trabajo, así como competencias generales y comportamientos. Las evaluaciones aplicadas fueron de 180°, en donde los evaluadores fueron jefes, pares y clientes tanto externos como internos, aplicándose también una autoevaluación para identificar como los trabajadores perciben su propio desempeño. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron demostrar que el desempeño general de todos los trabajadores es considerado como Aceptable ante las necesidades de la empresa, mientras que la Cultura Organizacional está fragmentada presentando signos de una cultura fuerte y débil al mismo tiempo. Ambas variables resultaron ser independientes una de la otra, sin que por ello se deje pasar por alto aspectos que pueden ser reforzados. Así, en base a los resultados obtenidos, se propone un plan de acción que ayude a la empresa en la conducción exitosa de sus miembros y sea beneficioso para ambas partes.The purpose of this research is to identify the Organizational Culture present in the Comercial JYN company and determine if it is related to the Work Performance of its employees; For this, the methodology used consisted in the development and application of two questionnaires, one for each variable. The Organizational Culture questionnaire is divided into two parts: the first seeks to identify the current culture and contrast it with the desired culture, while the second deepens cultural characteristics. While for Work Performance, specific functions were evaluated according to each job position, as well as general skills and behaviors. The evaluations applied were 180 °, where the evaluators were bosses, work pair, and clients, both external and internal, and self-evaluation was also applied to identify how the workers perceive their performance. The obtained results allowed to demonstrate that the general performance of all workers is considered Acceptable before the needs of the company, while the Organizational Culture is fragmented presenting signs of a strong and weak culture at the same time. Both variables turned out to be independent of each other, without thereby neglecting aspects that can be reinforced. Thus, based on the results obtained, an action plan is proposed that helps the company in the successful management of its members and is beneficial for both parties.Ingeniero ComercialCuenc

System of performance indicators for SMEs, metalworking sector

<p>(Received: 2013/03/05 - <span>Accepted: 2013/03/25)</span></p><p>This paper focused on the design and proposal of management indicators for small and medium metalworking enterprises (SMEs) in Quito. Metalworking number was established for the study. It was met and determined which areas deserve to be constantly monitored, by analyzing the performance of the companies, for this purpose, it was used a SWOT analysis, interviews and meetings with company managers , the results demanded the approach of a generic strategy, which included the formulation of the mission , vision and corporate values. Objectives and goals were established, they were classified according to the four perspectives of the Balanced Scorecard. Then it was possible to identify indicators to measure the proper functioning of the strategy proposed. 10 indicators of management were developed, according to the analysis of the reality of metalworking enterprises. So it was determined 3 financial indicators, 2 indicators focused on customers, 3 indicators for monitor internal business processes and 2 addressed the prospect of learning and growth. The use of these indicators is the key of performance and process control in each metalworking company.</p

Are Juglans neotropica Plantations Useful as a Refuge of Bryophytes Diversity in Tropical Areas?

Neotropical montane forests are considered biodiversity hotspots, where epiphytic bryophytes are an important component of the diversity, biomass and functioning of these ecosystems. We evaluated the richness and composition of bryophytes in secondary successional forests and mixed plantations of Juglans neotropica. In each forest type, the presence and cover of epiphytic bryophytes was registered in 400 quadrats of 20 cm × 30 cm. We analyzed the effects of canopy openness, diameter at breast height (DBH) and forest type on bryophyte richness, using a generalized linear model (GLM), as well as the changes in species composition using multivariate analysis. Fifty-five bryophyte species were recorded, of which 42 species were in secondary forests and 40 were in mixed plantations. Bryophyte richness did not change at forest level; however, at tree level, richness was higher in the mixed plantation of J. neotropica compared to the secondary forests, due to the presence of species adapted to high light conditions. On the other hand, bryophyte communities were negatively affected by the more open canopy in the mixed plantation of J. neotropica, species adapted to more humid conditions being less abundant. We conclude that species with narrow microclimatic niches are threatened by deforestation, and J. neotropica plantations do not act as refuge for drought-sensitive forest species present in secondary forests

Meningoencefalocele occipital

Introduction: Encephalocele is a type of neural tube malformation, in which the lack of separation of the superficial ectoderm of the neuroectoderm during embryogenesis causes a mesodermal defect in the calota, allowing the brain and/or meninges to protrude through the defect in the skull. Objective: Describe a clinical case focused on occipital Meningoencephaloocele. Material and methods: Retrospective descriptive study, presentation of a clinical case of occipital meningoencephalocele. Results: It is a 2-hour 20-minutemale newborn obtained by caesarean section, a large-term c-section for gestational age, of 40 SG. Prenatal history: mother with morbid obesity, intake of iron and folic acid in the last 4 months of pregnancy. Neuronal migration disorder is reported in theultrasound performed at 28 weeks. The physical examination shows macrocephaly and multilobed softmass at the occipital region level. Following neurosurgery assessment, a skull CT is indicated where occipital meningocele, hydrocephalus and Dandy Walker malformation is reported. After 24 hours of his birth, he is surgically involved for meningocele closure and right ventricle-peritoneal bypass valve placement, without complication. At 24 hours post-surgical, new skull CT is performed reporting Dandy Walker malformation. The patient evolves favorably, breast milk feeding is restored with good suction, deciding to discharge, on the tenth day of hospitalization, on September 6, 2018 with control by external consultation. Conclusions: Encephalocele is a type of neural tube malformation, allowing the brain and/or meninges to protrude through the defect in the skull. Although most encephaloceles are easily diagnosed through ultrasonography, it is a challenge to investigate and intervene in prenatal modifiable risk factors, as well as surgical intervention for meningocele closure.Introducción: El encefalocelees un tipo de malformación del tubo neural, en donde la falta de separación del ectodermo superficial del neuroectodermo durante la embriogénesis, origina un defecto mesodérmico en la calota, permitiendo al cerebro y/o meninges protruir a través del defecto en el cráneo. Objetivo: Describir un caso clínico enfocado en elMeningoencefalocele occipital. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo, presentación de un caso clínico de meningoencefalocele occipital. Resultados: Se trata de un recién nacido masculino de 2 horas 20 minutos obtenido mediante cesárea por cesárea, a término grande para la edad gestacional, de 40 SG. Antecedentes prenatales: madre con obesidad mórbida, toma de hierro y ácido fólico en los últimos 4 meses de embarazo. En la ecografía realizada a las 28 semanas se reporta trastorno de la migración neuronal. Al examen físico se evidencia macrocefalia y masa blanda multilobulada a nivel de región occipital. Tras valoración por neurocirugía, se indica realización de una TAC de cráneo donde se reporta meningocele occipital, hidrocefalia y malformación de Dandy Walker. Tras 24 horas de su nacimiento es intervenido quirúrgicamente para cierre de meningocele y colocación de válvula de derivación ventrículo-peritoneal derecha, sin complicación. A las 24 horas postquirúrgicas se realiza nueva TAC de cráneo reportando malformación de Dandy Walker.El paciente evoluciona favorablemente, se restablece alimentación con leche materna con buena succión, decidiéndose el alta, al décimo día de hospitalización, el 6 de septiembre de 2018 con control por consulta externa. Conclusiones: El encefalocele es un tipo de malformación del tubo neural, lo cual permite que el cerebro y/o meninges protruyan a través del defecto en el cráneo. Aunque a través de la ultrasonografía la mayoría de los encefaloceles son diagnosticados fácilmente, constituye un reto indagar e intervenir en los factores de riesgo modificables prenatales, así como la intervención quirúrgica para el cierre del meningocele