On the Expressive Equivalence of TPTL in the Pointwise and Continuous Semantics

We consider a first-order logic with linear constraints interpreted in a pointwise and continuous manner over timed words. We show that the two interpretations of this logic coincide in terms of expressiveness, via an effective transformation of sentences from one logic to the other. As a consequence it follows that the pointwise and continuous semantics of the logic TPTL with the since operator also coincide. Along the way we exhibit a useful normal form for sentences in these logics

Static Race Detection for RTOS Applications

We present a static analysis technique for detecting data races in Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) applications. These applications are often employed in safety-critical tasks and the presence of races may lead to erroneous behaviour with serious consequences. Analyzing these applications is challenging due to the variety of non-standard synchronization mechanisms they use. We propose a technique based on the notion of an "occurs-in-between" relation between statements. This notion enables us to capture the interplay of various synchronization mechanisms. We use a pre-analysis and a small set of not-occurs-in-between patterns to detect whether two statements may race with each other. Our experimental evaluation shows that the technique is efficient and effective in identifying races with high precision

LIPIcs, Volume 18, FSTTCS\u2712, Complete Volume

LIPIcs, Volume 18, FSTTCS\u2712, Complete Volum

Frontmatter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization

Frontmatter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organizatio

Absence of behavioral sensitization in healthy human subjects following repeated exposure to ketamine.

RATIONALE: Sensitization to the effects of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor antagonists is robust in animals. However, the applicability of this model to humans is unclear because it currently rests on highly confounded retrospective studies of individuals who experienced protracted psychoses following repeated binges with NMDA receptor antagonists. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the current study was to determine whether there was evidence of sensitization to the behavioral effects of ketamine in healthy human subjects with repeated exposure to this drug. METHODS: Data were studied from 295 healthy human subjects who participated in one or more of 11 separate studies that involved ketamine administration over 14 years. Positive and negative symptoms (Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale: BPRS), perceptual alterations (Clinician-Administered Dissociative States Scale: CADSS), and high and anxiety states (Visual Analog Scale: VAS) that were measured in all studies were included as outcome measures. RESULTS: After including the number of previous exposures, number of previous studies, and time since first exposure as variables, repeated exposure to ketamine did not result in increased behavioral responses, suggestive of behavioral sensitization. CONCLUSIONS: The current data do not provide evidence that repeated exposure to ketamine, albeit limited, is associated with sensitization to the behavioral effects of ketamine

Grey Matter Volume Differences Associated with Extremely Low Levels of Cannabis Use in Adolescence.

Rates of cannabis use among adolescents are high, and are increasing concurrent with changes in the legal status of marijuana and societal attitudes regarding its use. Recreational cannabis use is understudied, especially in the adolescent period when neural maturation may make users particularly vulnerable to the effects of ?-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on brain structure. In the current study, we used voxel-based morphometry to compare grey matter volume (GMV) in 46 fourteen year old human adolescents (males and females) with just one or two instances of cannabis use and carefully matched THC-na?ve controls. We identified extensive regions in the bilateral medial temporal lobes as well as the bilateral posterior cingulate, lingual gyri, and cerebellum that showed greater GMV in the cannabis users. Analysis of longitudinal data confirmed that GMV differences were unlikely to precede cannabis use. GMV in the temporal regions was associated with contemporaneous performance on the Perceptual Reasoning Index and with future generalized anxiety symptoms in the cannabis users. The distribution of GMV effects mapped onto biomarkers of the endogenous cannabinoid system providing insight into possible mechanisms for these effect