EQUIPPING DURUM WHEAT WITH A MAJOR QTL FOR RESISTANCE TO FUSARIUM DISEASES TRANSFERRED FROM THINOPYRUM ELONGATUM AND ITS PYRAMIDING WITH VALUABLE GENES FROM TH. PONTICUM

Favoured by climate changes, Fusarium head blight (FHB), a devastati ng disease of small-grain cereals worldwide, is increasingly spreading also in unusual environments where bread wheat (BW) and durum wheat (DW) are largely culti vated. The scarcity of effi cient resistance sources within adapted germplasm is parti cularly alarming for DW, mainly uti lized for human consumpti on, hence at high risk of kernel contaminati on with health-dangerous mycotoxins. To cope with this scenario, we looked outside the wheat primary genepool and recently transferred an excepti onally eff ecti ve FHB resistance QTL (Fhb-7EL) from the 7EL chromosome arm of the wheatgrass Thinopyrum elongatum onto 7DL of BW recombinant lines. The latt er already possessed valuable genes (Lr19, Yp, yield-related QTL) from a Th. ponti cum 7el1L arm segment, distally inserted onto 7DL. BW lines with the 7el1L+7EL assembly were crossed with previously developed DW-Th. ponti cum recombinants, having small 7el1L distal segments on 7AL arms. As proved by GISH analysis, homologous pairing occurred with high frequency in the shared 7el1L region between the BW and DW recombinant chromosomes. As a result, desirable 7EL+7el1L recombinant types with 2n = 28 were isolated in the BC1 progeny to DW, aided by PCR-based markers. Homozygous recombinant plants selected in the BC2F2 progeny were challenged by Fusarium graminearum spike inoculati on to verify the Fhb-7EL QTL effi cacy into the DW background. Infecti on outcomes confi rmed what previously observed in BW, with around 90% reducti on of disease severity vs. suscepti ble controls, invariably associated with presence of the Fhb-7EL QTL. Moreover, as for the BW types, the same Fhb-7EL was found to provide the novel DW recombinants also with resistance to the crown rot disease, as from seedling infecti on with F. culmorum. Through alien segment pyramiding we succeeded in equipping DW with a very eff ecti ve barrier against diff erent Fusarium diseases and other positi ve att ributes contributi ng to yield security and safety

Italian Guidelines in diagnosis and treatment of alopecia areata

Alopecia areata (AA) is an organ-specific autoimmune disorder that targets anagen phase hair follicles. The course is unpredictable and current available treatments have variable efficacy. Nowadays, there is relatively little evidence on treatment of AA from well-designed clinical trials. Moreover, none of the treatments or devices commonly used to treat AA are specifically approved by the Food and Drug Administration. The Italian Study Group for Cutaneous Annexial Disease of the Italian Society of dermatology proposes these Italian guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of Alopecia Areata deeming useful for the daily management of the disease. This article summarizes evidence-based treatment associated with expert-based recommendations