Pyrolysis of casein, characterization and properties of obtained solid and liquid products

Have been determined the technical characteristics and elemental composition of milk casein. Pyrolysis experiments of casein carried out at different heating temperatures and determined the yields of obtained solid (biochar), liquid (tar and pyrolysis water) and gas products. A temperature around 550ºC determined as an optimal heating temperature of pyrolysis and approximately 28.33% biochar, 37.38% tar, 13.23% pyrolysis water and 20.84% gas obtained after pyrolysis. First time a biochar with higher content of nitrogen was obtained by pyrolysis of casein and determined it is elemental composition and technical specifications. The porous structure of casein biochar was characterized by mercury porosimeter and SEM analysis confirmed that casein biochar has mostly meso and macro pores. The casein tar had the elemental composition: C-66.7%, H-8.3%, N-12.1%, O-12.9% and was completely soluble in 1-methyl-2-pyrroldinone. The tar consisted mostly of moderate molecular mass components with SEC elution times between 18-26 min and an estimated mass range up to 3000-5000 mass units as well as some larger size components, possibly 3-dimentional. The property and determined chemical composition of casein tar by GC/MS analysis were an evidence for using it as a curing agent for crosslinking reactions of epoxy resins. The necessary amount of tar for curing reaction of epoxy resin was determined experimentally as a 15-20% for the stoichiometric amount of reactive epoxy groups (15-20% epoxy group content) in epoxy resin and obtained cured epoxy resin with 95% degree of crosslinking reaction. Have been suggested several curing reaction schemes of epoxy resin with amines, nitriles and phenols of the casein ta

CHARACTERIZATION OF COAL FROM BAYANTEEG DEPOSIT

The coal of Bayanteeg deposit was investigated and its technical characteristics, elemental and petrographical maceral compositions were determined. On the basis of proximate, ultimate, petrographic analyses results, it has been confirmed that the Bayanteeg coal is a middle-rank D mark subbituminous coal. The pyrolysis of Bayanteeg coal was studied by using a standard quarts retort (tube) at different heating temperatures and the yields of pyrolysis products such as hard residue, tar, pyrolytic water and gas were determined. The result of these experiments showed that the higher yield 14% of tar can be obtained at heating temperature 500°C.Also the thermal dissolution of Bayanteeg coal was investigated by using a standard stainless steel autoclave at different heating temperatures and the yields of pyrolysis poroducts such as hard residue, tar, pyrolytic water and gas were determined. The tetralin was used as hydrogen donor solvent with constant mass ratio between coal and tetralin (1:1.8). The results of these experiments showed that high yield of tar 48% can be obtained on thermal dissolution of the coal organic mass at 450°C. The solubility of purified pyrolysis tar of Bayanteeg coal in hexane, benzene and dichloromethane was investigated by using silica gel column and the chemical composition of each fraction was determined by using of GC/MS chromatograph system

Domestic Hotel Marketing Analysis Current Status

Service providers are increasingly paying attention to internal marketing and human resources. The role of internal marketing is the satisfaction of employees, their performance, and their ability to work in foreign markets. Studies show that the relationship between employee satisfaction and average management is moderate. In addition, the relationship between employees is also moderate in relation to safety and work performance assessments, working hours and safety, satisfaction and management

Kinetic study of Mongolian coals by thermal analysis

Thermal analysis was used for the thermal characterization of the coal samples. The experiments were performed to study the pyrolysis and gasification kinetics of typical Mongolian brown coals. Low rank coals from Shivee ovoo, Ulaan ovoo, Aduun chuluun and Baganuur deposits have been investigated. Coal samples were heated in the thermogravimetric apparatus under argon at a temperature ranges of 25-1020ºC with heating rates of 10, 20, 30 and 40ºC/min. Thermogravimetry (TG) and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) were performed to measure weight changes and rates of weight losses used for calculating the kinetic parameters. The activation energy (Ea) was calculated from the experimental results by using an Arrhenius type kinetic model

Investigation on pyrolysis of some organic raw materials

We have been working on pyrolysis of some organic raw materials including different rank coals, oil shale, wood waste, animal bone, cedar shell, polypropylene waste, milk casein and characterization of obtained hard residue, tar and pyrolytic water and gas after pyrolysis. The technical characteristics of these organic raw materials have been determined and the thermal stability characteristics such as thermal stability indices (T5% and T25%) determined by using thermogravimetric analysis. The pyrolysis experiments were performed at different heating temperatures and the yields of hard residue, tar, pyrolysis water and gaseous products were determined and discussed. The main technical characteristics of hard residue of organic raw materials after pyrolysis have been determined and the adsorption ability of pyrolysis hard residue and its activated carbon of organic raw materials also determined. The pyrolysis tars of organic raw materials were distilled in air condition and determined the yields of obtained light, middle and heavy fractions and bitumen like residue with different boiling temperature. This is the first time to investigate the curing ability of pyrolysis tars of organic raw materials for epoxy resin and the results of these experiments showed that only tar of milk casein has the highest (95.0%), tar of animal bone has certain (18.70%) and tars of all other organic raw materials have no curing ability for epoxy resin

Soil Pollution with Heavy Metals in the Industrial Cities of Mongolia

The technogenic anomalies in heavy metal patterns in the soils of Ulaanbaatar, Darkhan, and Erdenet cities are characterized both qualitatively and quantitatively. These data permitted to evaluate the background geochemical situation in the study area, and the technogenic specialization of the cities. The geochemical properties of urban soils were shown to display a spatial variability associated with certain functional zones. The ecological status of polluted urban soils was assessed basing on regulatory heavy metal values accepted in Mongolia