3-Hydr­oxy-4-methoxy­benzaldehyde thio­semicarbazone hemihydrate

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C9H11N3O2S·0.5H2O, comprises two crystallograpically independent thio­semicarbazone mol­ecules (A and B) and a water mol­ecule of crystallization. In each of the thio­semicarbazone mol­ecules, intra­molecular O—H⋯O and N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds form five-membered rings, producing S(5) ring motifs. Inter­molecular O—H⋯S and N—H⋯O inter­actions between mol­ecule B and the water mol­ecule form a six-membered ring, producing an R 2 2(6) ring motif. Inter­molecular N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds form dimers involving pairs of both A and B mol­ecules, which form R 2 2(8) ring motifs. The angles between the aromatic ring and thio­urea unit in the two mol­ecules are 0.80 (6) and 3.28 (5)°, which proves that each mol­ecule is fairly planar. The crystal structure is stabilized by inter­molecular O—H⋯S (×2), O—H⋯O, N—H⋯S (×2) and N—H⋯O (×2) hydrogen bonds and C—H⋯O (×2) contacts to form a three-dimensional network

2,5-Dimethoxy­benzaldehyde thio­semicarbazone

In the title mol­ecule, C10H13N3O2S, the dihedral angle between benzene and –N—C(=S)—N—N=C– planes is 9.20 (6)°. The two meth­oxy groups are coplanar with the benzene ring [C—O—C—C torsion angles of −2.31 (18) and −6.45 (17)°]. In the crystal structure, mol­ecules are linked by inter­molecular N—H⋯S, N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network

Strategy for Dynamic Wisp Removal in James Webb Space Telescope NIRCam Images

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) near-infrared camera (NIRCam) has been found to exhibit serious wisp-like structures in four of its eight short-wavelength detectors. The exact structure and strength of these wisps is highly variable with the position and orientation of JWST, so the use of static templates is non-optimal. Here we investigate a dynamic strategy to mitigate these wisps using long-wavelength reference images. Based on a suite of experiments where we embed a worst-case scenario median-stacked wisp into wisp-free images, we define suitable parameters for our wisp removal strategy. Using this setup we re-process wisp-affected public Prime Extragalactic Areas for Reionization and Lensing Science (PEARLS) data in the North Ecliptic Pole Time Domain Field (NEP-TDF) field, resulting in significant visual improvement in our detector frames and reduced noise in the final stacked images.Comment: 16 pages, 10 figures, submitted to PASP, comments welcom

ProPane: Image Warping with Fire

In this paper we introduce the software package ProPane, written for the R data analysis language. ProPane combines the full range of wcslib projections with the C++ image manipulation routines provided by the CImg library. ProPane offers routines for image warping and combining (including stacking), and various related tasks such as image alignment tweaking and pixel masking. It can stack an effectively unlimited number of target frames using multiple parallel cores, and offers threading for many lower level routines. It has been used for a number of current and upcoming large surveys, and we present a range of its capabilities and features. ProPane is already available under a permissive open-source LGPL-3 license at github.com/asgr/ProPane (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10057053).Comment: 19 pages, 17 figures, 5 tables, accepted to MNRA

S-Benzyl­thio­uronium 3-nitro­benzene­sulfonate

In the title compound, C8H11N2S+·C6H4NO5S−, the asymmetric unit is composed of two crystallographically independent S-benzyl­thio­uronium cations and two independent nitro­benzene­sulfonate anions. An intra­molecular hydrogen bond generates an S(5)S(5) ring motif. The crystal packing is stabilized by intra­molecular C—H⋯O and inter­molecular C—H⋯O, N—H⋯O and N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds which, along with short S⋯O [3.034 (2) Å] and N⋯O [2.796 (3) Å] contacts, form a two-dimensional network parallel to the ab plane

(E)-3-(2-Chloro­phen­yl)-1-(4-chloro­phen­yl)prop-2-en-1-one

The title compound, C15H10Cl2O, adopts an E configuration with respect to the C=C bond of the propenone unit. The dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 32.4 (1)°. Intra­molecular C—H⋯O and C—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds generate an S(5)S(5)S(5) motif. In addition, the crystal structure is stabilized by weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

Detection of Brain-Derived Cell-Free DNA in Plasma

Background: Neuronal loss is a major pathological feature of neurodegenerative diseases. The analysis of plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is an emerging approach to track cell death events in a minimally invasive way and from inaccessible areas of the body, such as the brain. Previous studies showed that DNA methylation (DNAm) profiles can be used to map the tissue of origin of cfDNA and to identify molecules released from the brain upon cell death. The aim of the present study is to contribute to this research field, presenting the development and validation of an assay for the detection of brain-derived cfDNA (bcfDNA). Methods: To identify CpG sites with brain-specific DNAm, we compared brain and non-brain tissues for their chromatin state profiles and genome-wide DNAm data, available in public datasets. The selected target genomic regions were experimentally validated by bisulfite sequencing on DNA extracted from 44 different autoptic tissues, including multiple brain regions. Sequencing data were analysed to identify brain-specific epihaplotypes. The developed assay was tested in plasma cfDNA from patients with immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) following chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) therapy. Results: We validated five genomic regions with brain-specific DNAm (four hypomethylated and one hypermethylated in the brain). DNAm analysis of the selected genomic regions in plasma samples from CAR-T patients revealed higher levels of bcfDNA in participants with ongoing neurotoxicity syndrome. Conclusions: We developed an assay for the analysis of bcfDNA in plasma. The assay is a promising tool for the early detection of neuronal loss in neurodegenerative diseases

Turbulent Erosion of Magnetic Flux Tubes

Results from a numerical and analytical investigation of the solution of a nonlinear axially symmetric diffusion equation for the magnetic field are presented for the case when the nonlinear dependence of the diffusivity nu(B) on the magnetic field satisfies basic physical requirements. We find that for sufficiently strong nonlinearity (i.e. for sufficiently strong reduction of nu inside the tube) a current sheet is spontaneously formed around the tube within one diffusion timescale. This sheet propagates inwards with a velocity inversely proportional to the ratio of the field strength just inside the current sheet to the equipartition field strength B0/Be, so the lifetime of a tube with constant internal flux density is increased approximately by a factor not exceeding B0/Be, even for infinitely effective inhibition of turbulence inside the tube. Among the applications of these results we point out that toroidal flux tubes in the solar convective zone are subject to significant flux loss owing to turbulent erosion on a timescale of about 1 month, and that turbulent erosion may be responsible for the formation of a current sheet around a sunspot. It is further proposed that, despite the simplifying assumptions involved, our solutions correctly reflect the essential features of the sunspot decay process.Comment: 17 pages, 11 figure

Pongamia seed cake as a valuable source of plant nutrients for sustainable agriculture

Pongamia, a multipurpose leguminous tree containing non-edible oil, grows widely in India. Oil extracted from the seeds of Pongamia is used as energy source as well as in tanneries while the cake (a byproduct after extracting oil) was found to be rich in all plant nutrients in general and nitrogen (4.28%) and sulfur (0.19%) in particular. Both nitrogen and sulfur were found to be deficient in 100 and 80%, respectively, in soil samples from farmers' fields in Powerguda village of Adilabad district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Use of Pongamia seed cake as a source of plant nutrients for maize, soyabean and cotton was found beneficial in participatory research and development trials on farmers' fields. Further, application of critically deficient micronutrients such as zinc and boron and secondary nutrient sulfur increased crop yields by 16.7 and 19% in soyabean and cotton, respectively. In addition, B:C ratios of 5.03, 1.81 and 2.04 were obtained for soyabean, maize and cotton, respectively, with use of cake as a source of N, however it needed higher initial investment