Violence, Political Instability, and International Trade: Evidence from Kenya’s Cut Flower Sector

Abstract: We assess whether and how violence and political instability affect trade between developed and developing countries considering the special case of EU imports of Kenyan roses after the 2007/08 post-election violence and political instability in Kenya. Using the Rotterdam model to estimate EU demand for roses from Kenya and other global competitors, we find evidence of a structural change in the import growth rate for Kenya, approximately equivalent to an 18.6% tariff. These results highlight the importance of non-tariff barriers to trade and contribute to the growing literature on the role of insecurity and instability in hindering international trade.Kenya, Africa, EU, election violence, cut flowers, roses, imports, international trade, Demand and Price Analysis, International Development, International Relations/Trade, Political Economy, F14, F23, F59, O13, Q17,

Pterodactyl: Control System Demonstrator Development for Integrated Control Design of a Mechanically Deployed Entry Vehicle

The NASA-funded Pterodactyl project is a design, test, and build capability to (i) advance the current state of the art for Deployable Entry Vehicle (DEV) guidance and control (G&C), and (ii) determine the feasibility of control system integration for various entry vehicle types including those without aeroshells. This capability is currently being used to develop control systems for one such unconventional entry vehicle, the Lifting Nano-ADEPT (LNA) vehicle. ADEPT offers the possibility of integrating control systems directly onto the mechanically deployed structure and building hardware demonstrators will help assess integration and design challenges. Control systems based on aerodynamic control surfaces, mass movement, and reaction control systems (RCS) are currently being investigated for a down-select to the most suitable control architecture for the LNA.To that effect, in this submission, we detail the efforts of the Pterodactyl project to develop a series of hardware demonstrators for the different LNA control systems. Rapid prototypes, for a set of quarter- model or eighth-model vehicle segments, will be developed for all three architectures to validate mechanical design assumptions, and hardware-in-the-loop (HIWL) control approaches. A ground test control system demonstrator will be designed and built after the trade study is complete. The industrial-grade demonstrator will be designed so that it can be incorporated into a HWIL simulation to further validate the findings of the initial trade study. The HWIL simulation will leverage the iPAS environment developed at NASA's Johnson Space Center which facilitates integration testing to support technology maturation and risk reduction, necessary elements for the hardware demonstration development detailed in this paper

Review On Preserving Privacy Identity Of Shared Data In Cloud

Cloud computing contains groups of remote servers and software networks that involve in allowing storage of data and accessing of online computer resources. Cloud contains data storage to the huge amount of data. Cloud user should be concerned with the correctness and protection of data. When user outsources remote data from storage of data as a cloud, There are Several auditing mechanism to verify the Integrity of Data. Public auditing mechanism enables the user to verify integrity of data with the help of Third Party Auditor (TPA). Public auditing mechanism start auditing task by not downloading whole file. This helps in Preserving privacy of Data. Public auditing will won’t reveal identity of any user. In the paper contains various privacy preserving public auditing mechanism. It also shows comparative study among them. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15031