Research and Design of a Routing Protocol in Large-Scale Wireless Sensor Networks

无线传感器网络，作为全球未来十大技术之一，集成了传感器技术、嵌入式计算技术、分布式信息处理和自组织网技术，可实时感知、采集、处理、传输网络分布区域内的各种信息数据，在军事国防、生物医疗、环境监测、抢险救灾、防恐反恐、危险区域远程控制等领域具有十分广阔的应用前景。 本文研究分析了无线传感器网络的已有路由协议，并针对大规模的无线传感器网络设计了一种树状路由协议，它根据节点地址信息来形成路由，从而简化了复杂繁冗的路由表查找和维护，节省了不必要的开销，提高了路由效率，实现了快速有效的数据传输。 为支持此路由协议本文提出了一种自适应动态地址分配算——ADAR（AdaptiveDynamicAddre...As one of the ten high technologies in the future, wireless sensor network, which is the integration of micro-sensors, embedded computing, modern network and Ad Hoc technologies, can apperceive, collect, process and transmit various information data within the region. It can be used in military defense, biomedical, environmental monitoring, disaster relief, counter-terrorism, remote control of haz...学位：工学硕士院系专业：信息科学与技术学院通信工程系_通信与信息系统学号：2332007115216

Uso delle tecniche di biorisanamento per la depurazione delle acque: un caso di studio

La pressione sulle risorse idriche è aggravata oggi dai cambiamenti climatici, dalla desertificazione, dalla domanda crescente di energia e dalla crescita demografica; tutti fattori che contribuiscono ad allargare l’uso non sostenibile della risorsa idrica e a far precipitare molte aree del globo in condizioni di eccessivo stress idrico. Viene qui presentato un caso di fitodepurazione come tecnica di biorisanamento delle acque reflue

Prevenzione della formazione di acrilammide durante la cottura dei prodotti da forni

L'acrilamide @ una specie chimica, derivante da zuccheri e amminoacidi, che si forma durante la cottura dei prodotti da forno come: pane, cereali per la prima colazione, biscotti e cialde, cracker e fette biscottate. Le condizioni che favoriscono la formazione di questo composto sono le temperature di cottura superiori ai 120°C e la bassa umidita relativa. L'acrilammide @ un composto chimico classificato come cancerogeno e genotossico, sul quale anche |'Autorita Europea per la Sicurezza Alimentare (EFSA) ha recentemente emanato un parere scientifico. Il Regolamento UE 2017/2158 istituisce delle misure di attenuazione per la riduzione dell'acrilamide negli alimenti e stabilisce dei livelli di riferimento per la sua presenza negli alimenti. Gli operatori del settore alimentari (OSA) sono i maggiori responsabili di questa prevenzione, sono infatti loro che devono attuare delle azioni preventive che spaziano dalla scelta delle materie prime alla conservazione degli alimenti interessati. Lo sviluppo di nuove tecnologie, come l'introduzione dei forni combinati a vapore, puo quindi aiutare gli OSA nella prevenzione della formazione di questo composto altamente nocivo

Higher Docosahexaenoic acid, lower Arachidonic acid and reduced lipid tolerance with high doses of a lipid emulsion containing 15% fish oil: A randomized clinical trial

8noBackground & aims: Lipid emulsions containing fish oil, as source of long chain omega 3 fatty acids, have recently became available for parenteral nutrition in infants, but scanty data exist in extremely low birth weight preterms. The objective of this study was to compare plasma fatty acids and lipid tolerance in preterm infants receiving different doses of a 15% fish oil vs. a soybean oil based lipid emulsion. Methods: Preterm infants (birth weight 500-1249 g) were randomized to receive parenteral nutrition with MOSF (30% Medium-chain triglycerides, 25% Olive oil, 30% Soybean oil, 15% Fish oil) or S (S, 100% Soybean oil) both at two levels of fat intake: 2.5 or 3.5 g kg(-1) d(-1), named 2.5Fat and 3.5Fat respectively. Plasma lipid classes and their fatty acid composition were determined on postnatal day 7 and 14 by gas chromatography together with routine biochemistry. Results: We studied 80 infants. MOSF infants had significantly higher plasma phospholipid Docosahexaenoic acid and Eicosapentaenoic and lower Arachidonic acid. Plasma phospholipids, triglycerides and free cholesterol were all significantly higher in the MOSF-3.5Fat group, while cholesterol esters were lower with MOSF than with S. The area under the curve of total bilirubin was significantly lower with MOSF than with S. Conclusions: The use of a lipid emulsion with 15% FO resulted in marked changes of plasma long-chain fatty acids. Whether the benefits of increasing Docosahexaenoic acid outweigh the potential negative effect of reduced Arachidonic acid should be further studied. MOSF patients exhibited reduced lipid tolerance at 3.5 g kg(-1) d(-1) fat intake.reservedmixedD'Ascenzo, Rita; Savini, Sara; Biagetti, Chiara; Bellagamba, Maria P.; Marchionni, Paolo; Pompilio, Adriana; Cogo, Paola E.; Carnielli, Virgilio P.D'Ascenzo, Rita; Savini, Sara; Biagetti, Chiara; Bellagamba, Maria P.; Marchionni, Paolo; Pompilio, Adriana; Cogo, Paola; Carnielli, Virgilio P

Double blind exploratory study on de novo lipogenesis in preterm infants on parenteral nutrition with a lipid emulsion containing 10% fish oil

Background & aims: Provision of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCP) both of the omega-3 and omega-6 families is recommended for preterm infants (PI). Fish oil (FO) contains omega-3 and omega-6 LCP and it is incorporated in the fat blend of the new generation lipid emulsions (LE). Omega-3 LCP have been shown to reduce the expression of genes involved in lipogenesis, which could be important for several organs development. The aim of this study was to ascertain if the use of intravenous FO has an effect on lipogenesis in PI. Methods: Forty PI were randomized to receive two LE: MSF (50:40:10 Medium Chain Triglycerides (MCT): Soybean oil (SO): FO) or MS (50:50 MCT:SO). We measured plasma lipids on day 7 and the fractional and absolute synthesis rates (FSR and ASR) of cholesterol and of selected fatty acids (FA) after (H2O)-H-2 body water labeling. Results: Plasma phospholipids (PL), free cholesterol (FC), and cholesterol esters (CE) concentrations were all lower in MSF than in MS. In spite of lower plasma FC and CE concentrations, cholesterol biosynthesis was similar between the two study groups (FC: FSR 16.0 +/- 1.4 vs 14.1 +/- 1.1%/d, p = 0.74; ASR 6.8 +/- 0.6 vs 7.1 +/- 0.6 mg kg(-1) d(-1), p = 0.93; CE: FSR 3.6 +/- 0.5 vs 4.2 +/- 0.4%/d, p = 0.38; ASR: 3.3 +/- 0.4 vs 4.4 +/- 0.5 mg kg(-1) d(-1), p = 0.13, in MSF and MS respectively). FSR and ASR of selected FA were, or tended to be, lower in MSF than in MS. ASR of PL palmitate (4.0 +/- 0.3 vs 4.8 +/- 0.4 mg kg(-1) d(-1), p = 0.045), PL oleate (0.2 +/- 0.04 vs 0.4 +/- 0.05 mg kg(-1) d(-1), p = 0.02) and CE oleate (0.5 +/- 0.1 vs 0.9 +/- 0.1 mg kg(-1) d(-1), p = 0.03) were significantly lower in MSF than in MS. There were no differences in plasma TG FA biosynthesis. Conclusions: Cholesterol biosynthesis was not affected by 10% FO during neonatal parenteral nutrition. Ten percent FO caused a statistically significant reduction in the lipogenesis of selected FA and an overall tendency towards a reduced lipogenesis. The magnitude seems to be limited and the biological significance is unknown. Our data warrant follow-up studies in PI who receive intravenous FO, especially in those infants who receive larger doses than in the present study

Targeting 2.5 versus 4 g/kg/day of amino acids for extremely low birth weight infants: A randomized clinical trial

Objective To compare the effect of 2.5 vs 4 g/kg/d of amino acid (AA) in parenteral nutrition of extremely low birth weight infants on metabolic tolerance, short-term growth, and neurodevelopment. Study design One hundred thirty-one infants with birth weight between 500 and 1249 g were randomized to 2.5 (standard AA [SAA] group) or 4 (high AA [HAA] group) g/kg/d AA intake, with equal nonprotein energy. The primary outcome was body size at 36 weeks. Results One hundred thirty-one patients were randomized and 114 analyzed (58 SAA group and 56 HAA group). Study groups had similar demographics and clinical characteristics. Elevated blood urea (BU > 70 mg/dL = BU nitrogen > 32.6 mg/dL) occurred in 24% vs 59% (P =.000) and hyperglycemia (> 175 mg/dL) in 34% vs 11% (P =.003) of the SAA and HAA patients, respectively. Body weight, length, and head circumference at 36 weeks and 2 years were similar between groups. Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition score was 94 +/- 13 in the SAA group and 97 +/- 15 in the HAA group (P =.35). Conclusions The HAA group had higher BU levels and better glucose control. An extra 8 g/kg of AA over the first 10 days of life did not improve growth and neurodevelopment

Antiplatelet Treatment Reduces All-Cause Mortality in COPD Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Previous studies clearly showed that patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at high risk for cardiovascular events. Platelet activation is significantly heightened in these patients, probably because of a chronic inflammatory status. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether antiplatelet treatment may contribute to reduce all-cause mortality in COPD patients. To clarify this issue, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis including patients with COPD (outpatients or admitted to hospital for acute exacerbation). The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. We considered studies stratifying the study population according the administration or not of antiplatelet therapy and reporting its relationship with the primary endpoint. Overall, 5 studies including 11117 COPD patients were considered (of those 3069 patients were with acute exacerbation of COPD). IHD was present in 33% of COPD patients [95%CI 31%–35%). Antiplatelet therapy administration was common (47%, 95%CI 46%–48%), ranging from 26% to 61%. Of note, IHD was considered as confounding factor at multivariable analysis in all studies. All-cause mortality was significantly lower in COPD patients receiving antiplatelet treatment (OR 0.81; 95%CI 0.75–0.88). The data was consistent both in outpatients and in those with acute exacerbation of COPD. The pooled studies analysis showed a very low heterogeneity (I2 : 8%). Additional analyses (meta-regression) showed that antiplatelet therapy administration was effective independently (to potential confounding factors as IHD, cardiovascular drugs and cardiovascular risk factors. In conclusion, our meta-analysis suggested that antiplatelet therapy might significantly contribute to reduce all-cause mortality in COPD patients