Les réactions à la voiture électrique. Recherche exploratoire sur les comportements et les attitudes des ménages

Ce rapport présente les résultats d'étude de faisabilité d'une enquête interactive de réponses déclarées, appliquées à la voiture électrique. Cette méthodologie, développée par le prof. Lee-Gosselin, et récemment appliquée en Californie, a été testée auprès de 15 ménages multi motorises de la région lyonnaise. A partir de carnets de bord hebdomadaires sur toutes les voitures de chaque ménage, un jeu de simulation introduisant les contraintes d'autonomie et de temps de recharge des batteries incite les ménages à s'adapter à ce type de véhicule. Cette méthode, particulièrement riche d'informations originales, permet de mieux comprendre pourquoi les ménages ont du mal à accepter un véhicule ayant une autonomie limitée. Plus fondamentalement, le défaut d'image de la voiture électrique génère une attitude de repli, qui s'explique par les conséquences structurelles que peut avoir la limitation d'autonomie sur les modes de vie des ménages multi motorisés

A common pattern of brain MRI imaging in mitochondrial diseases with complex I deficiency.

International audienceOBJECTIVE: To identify a consistent pattern of brain MRI imaging in primary complex I deficiency. Complex I deficiency, a major cause of respiratory chain dysfunction, accounts for various clinical presentations, including Leigh syndrome. Human complex I comprises seven core subunits encoded by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and 38 core subunits encoded by nuclear DNA (nDNA). Moreover, its assembly requires six known and many unknown assembly factors. To date, no correlation between genotypes and brain MRI phenotypes has been found in complex I deficiencies. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: The brain MRIs of 30 patients carrying known mutation(s) in genes involved in complex I were retrospectively collected and compared with the brain MRIs of 11 patients carrying known mutations in genes involved in the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex as well as 10 patients with MT-TL1 mutations. RESULTS: All complex I deficient patients showed bilateral brainstem lesions (30/30) and 77% (23/30) showed anomalies of the putamen. Supratentorial stroke-like lesions were only observed in complex I deficient patients carrying mtDNA mutations (8/19) and necrotising leucoencephalopathy in patients with nDNA mutations (4/5). Conversely, the isolated stroke-like images observed in patients with MT-TL1 mutations, or the corpus callosum malformations observed in PDH deficient patients, were never observed in complex I deficient patients. CONCLUSION: A common pattern of brain MRI imaging was identified with abnormal signal intensities in brainstem and subtentorial nuclei with lactate peak as a clue of complex I deficiency. Combining clinico-biochemical data with brain imaging may therefore help orient genetic studies in complex I deficiency

Identifying the Determinants of Light Rail Mode Choice for Medium- and Long-Distance Trips: Results from a Stated Preference Study

peer reviewedhe introduction of new public transport systems can influence society in a multitude of ways ranging from modal choices and the environment to economic growth. This paper examines the determinants of light rail mode choice for medium- and long-distance trips (10 to 40 km) for a new light rail system in Flanders, Belgium. To investigate these choices, the effects of various transport system-specific factors (i.e., travel cost, in-vehicle travel time, transit punctuality, waiting time, access and egress time, transfers, and availability of seats) as well as the travelers' personal traits were analyzed by using an alternating logistic regression model, which explicitly takes into account the correlated responses for binary data. The data used for the analysis stem from a stated preference survey conducted in Flanders. The modeling results are in line with literature: most transport system-specific factors as well as socioeconomic variables, attitudinal factors, perceptions, and the frequency of using public transport contribute significantly to the preference for light rail transit. In particular, the results indicate that the use of light rail is strongly influenced by travel cost and in-vehicle travel time and to a lesser extent by waiting and access-egress time. Seat availability appeared to play a more important role than did transfers in deciding to choose light rail transit. The findings of this paper can be used by policy makers as a frame of reference to make light rail transit more successful