118 research outputs found
Changing context, changing landscapes: a review of teacher education in Norway and England
Teachers matter (OECD, 2005) and the selection and preparation of âgoodâ teachers are essential functions when
securing excellent teaching and learning in schools. For this to happen, teacher education (as opposed to âtrainingâ)
within the Academy must continue to play a crucial role, not least in its functioning as a gatekeeper to the
profession and the educational research that informs it. Proposals made by the European Commission in 2007 have
led to the Education Council adopting, for the first time, a European agenda for improving the quality of teacher
education for all countries within the European Union. There are, however, different globalised and
internationalised views on how to educate teachers and the nature of what it means to be a professional teacher
educator (Gewirtz et al 2009; Darling Hammond and Liberman 2012). Within the rapidly shifting landscapes of
an international context in which the education and training of teachers is moving into schools, the focus in this
chapter is on teacher preparation. We investigate this topic by comparing teacher education in England and
Norway, and the policy that forms the basis of two very different educational systems. The aim of this chapter is
to reflect on current developments in teacher education in two Northern European countries in order to provoke
and stimulate further discussion and critical enquiry in relation to Initial Teacher Education (ITE) in a wider
international arena
Professional development for professional learners: teachersâ experiences in Norway, Germany and England
Proposals made by the European Commission in 2007 led to the Education Council adopting, for the first time, a European agenda for improving the quality of teaching and teacher education. This article reports on a small-scale longitudinal interview-based study with teachers in England, Norway and Germany demonstrating that while opportunities for professional development are increasing in all three countries, dissatisfaction is expressed by most teachers in relation to its quality and outcomes
Appeals to evidence for the resolution of wicked problems: the origins and mechanisms of evidentiary bias
Wicked policy problems are often said to be characterized by their âintractabilityâ, whereby appeals to evidence are unable to provide policy resolution. Advocates for âEvidence Based Policyâ (EBP) often lament these situations as representing the misuse of evidence for strategic ends, while critical policy studies authors counter that policy decisions are fundamentally about competing values, with the (blind) embrace of technical evidence depoliticizing political decisions. This paper aims to help resolve these conflicts and, in doing so, consider how to address this particular feature of problem wickedness. Specifically the paper delineates two forms of evidentiary bias that drive intractability, each of which is reflected by contrasting positions in the EBP debates: âtechnical biasâ - referring to invalid uses of evidence; and âissue biasâ - referring to how pieces of evidence direct policy agendas to particular concerns. Drawing on the fields of policy studies and cognitive psychology, the paper explores the ways in which competing interests and values manifest in these forms of bias, and shape evidence utilization through different mechanisms. The paper presents a conceptual framework reflecting on how the nature of policy problems in terms of their complexity, contestation, and polarization can help identify the potential origins and mechanisms of evidentiary bias leading to intractability in some wicked policy debates. The discussion reflects on whether being better informed about such mechanisms permit future work that may lead to strategies to mitigate or overcome such intractability in the future
Adsorption of Triton X-100 and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide mixture with ethanol at nylon-6âsolution interface with regard to nylon-6 wettability: I. The effect of adsorption on critical surface tension of nylon-6 wetting
Unseen roots and unfolding flowers? Prison learning, equality and the education of socially excluded groups
The objective of this theoretical article is to critique the notion that adult education, in its current marketised formations, might serve the purpose of rehabilitating learners. To date there has been no detailed interrogation by educationalists of the desirability of rehabilitation as an overarching aim for prison education, or to consider the existing educational philosophies that notions of rehabilitation might cohere with. This article begins to address this gap by engaging with the idea of rehabilitation from a critical adult education perspective. The conceptual framework informing the analysis is critical adult education theory, drawing tangentially on the work of Raymond Williams. The overarching assumption is that education might be understood as the practice of equality, which I employ alongside conceptualisations of empowering adult literacies learning as drawn from writings in the field of New Literacies Studies (NLS). These approaches enable the critique of criminological theory associated with prison learning, alongside the critique of assumptions traceable to NLS. The analysis focuses more specifically on Scotlandâs prison system, where the criminological theory of âdesistanceâ currently holds some sway. I observe that whilst perspectives of criminologists and educationists draw upon similar sociological assumptions and underpinnings, different conclusions are inferred about the purpose and practice of adult learning. Here criminologists' conceptualisations tend to neglect power contexts, instead inferring educational practices associated typically with early years education. I also demonstrate the importance of equality in the context of adult education, if educators are to take responsibility for the judgements they make in relation to the education of socially excluded groups
Lipopolysaccharide-induced memory impairment in rats is preventable using 7-nitroindazole
Infliximab reduces peripheral inflammation, neuroinflammation, and extracellular GABA in the cerebellum and improves learning and motor coordination in rats with hepatic encephalopathy
Appeals to evidence for the resolution of wicked problems: the origins and mechanisms of evidentiary bias
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