2 research outputs found
An energy consumption approach to estimate air emission reductions in container shipping
Container shipping is the largest producer of emissions within the maritime shipping industry. Hence, measures have been designed and implemented to reduce ship emission levels. IMO's MARPOL Annex VI, with its future plan of applying Tier III requirements, the Energy Efficiency Design Index for new ships, and the Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan for all ships. To assist policy formulation and follow-up, this study applies an energy consumption approach to estimate container ship emissions. The volumes of sulphur oxide (SOx), nitrous oxide (NOx), particulate matter (PM), and carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted from container ships are estimated using 2018 datasets on container shipping and average vessel speed records generated via AIS. Furthermore, the estimated reductions in SOx, NOx, PM, and CO2 are mapped for 2020. The empirical analysis demonstrates that the energy consumption approach is a valuable method to estimate ongoing emission reductions on a continuous basis and to fill data gaps where needed, as the latest worldwide container shipping emissions records date back to 2015. The presented analysis supports early-stage detection of environmental impacts in container shipping and helps to determine in which areas the greatest potential for emission reductions can be found
Energy Re-Shift for an Urbanizing World
This essay considers the rural-to-urban transition and correlates it with urban energy demands. Three distinct themes are inspected and interrelated to develop awareness for an urbanizing world: internal urban design and innovation, technical transition, and geopolitical change. Data were collected on the use of energy in cities and, by extension, nation states over the last 30 years. The
urban population boom continues to pressure the energy dimension with heavily weighted impacts
on less developed regions. Sustainable urban energy will need to reduce resource inputs and environmental impacts and decouple economic growth from energy consumption. Fossil fuels continue to
be the preferred method of energy for cities; however, an increased understanding is emerging that
sustainable energy forms can be implemented as alternatives. Key to this transition will be the will to
invest in renewables (i.e., solar, wind, hydro, tidal, geothermal, and biomass), efficient infrastructure,
and smart eco-city designs. This essay elucidates how the technical transition of energy-friendly technologies focuses on understanding the changes in the energy mix from non-renewable to renewable.
Smart electricity storage grids with artificial intelligence can operate internationally and alleviate
some geopolitical barriers. Energy politics is shown to be a problematic hurdle with case research
examples specific to Central and Eastern Europe. The energy re-shift stressed is a philosophical
re-thinking of modern cities as well as a new approach to the human-energy relationship