Determinants of the feeling of regional identity among Zagłębie Dąbrowskie residents

Autorka artykułu dokonuje próby opisu wyznaczników tożsamości mieszkańców Zagłębia Dąbrowskiego – regionu na pograniczu śląsko-małopolskim – ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem jego stolicy – Sosnowca. Do opisu tożsamości wykorzystuje Tadeusza Lewowickiego Teorię Zachowań Tożsamościowych, w której wyróżniono sześć obszarów uwarunkowań tożsamości i zachowań tożsamościowych. Autorka podkreśla, że nie bez znaczenia dla kształtowania się tożsamości regionalnej mieszkańców Sosnowca jest fakt zamieszkiwania na pograniczu śląsko-zagłębiowskim oraz historyczne podziały ziem polskich z czasów rozbiorów. Historyczne i geograficzne uwarunkowania przyczyniły się do powstania antagonizmów między Ślązakami i Zagłębiakami, które – w założeniu autorki – mogą przyczyniać się do wzmacniania tożsamości mieszkańców Zagłębia.What the authoress undertakes is an attempt to describe regional identity determinants among the residents of Zagłębie Dąbrowskie – the borderland of Silesia and Lesser Poland – with particular focus on its major town Sosnowiec. The description is made with the application of Tadeusz Lewowicki’s Theory of Identity Behaviours, in which six areas are distinguished of identity determinants and identity behaviours. The authoress emphasizes that inhabiting the border area between Silesia and Zagłębie and the historical divisions of Polish territories dating back to the partitions period have been significant for shaping the regional identity of Sosnowiec residents. Historical and geographical factors contributed to the rise of antagonisms between Silesians and inhabitants of Zagłębie, which – as the authoress assumes – may have been strengthening the identity of inhabitants of Zagłębie

Dual Role of miR-21 in CD4+T-Cells:Activation-Induced miR-21 Supports Survival of Memory T-Cells and Regulates CCR7 Expression in Naive T-Cells

<p>Immune cell-type specific miRNA expression patterns have been described but the detailed role of single miRNAs in the function of T-cells remains largely unknown. We investigated the role of miR-21 in the function of primary human CD4+ T-cells. MiR-21 is substantially expressed in T-cells with a memory phenotype, and is robustly upregulated upon alpha CD3/CD28 activation of both naive and memory T-cells. By inhibiting the endogenous miR-21 function in activated naive and memory T-cells, we showed that miR-21 regulates fundamentally different aspects of T-cell biology, depending on the differentiation status of the T-cell. Stable inhibition of miR-21 function in activated memory T-cells led to growth disadvantage and apoptosis, indicating that the survival of memory T-cells depends on miR-21 function. In contrast, stable inhibition of miR-21 function in activated naive T-cells did not result in growth disadvantage, but led to a significant induction of CCR7 protein expression. Direct interaction between CCR7 and miR-21 was confirmed in a dual luciferase reporter assay. Our data provide evidence for a dual role of miR-21 in CD4+ T cells; Regulation of T-cell survival is confined to activated memory T-cells, while modulation of potential homing properties, through downregulation of CCR7 protein expression, is observed in activated naive T-cells.</p>