CV of AvMEP latency (mean ± SD) for A) patient lower limb muscles VL, TA and AH comparing symptomatic (black bars) and asymptomatic (white bars) legs, and B) upper limb muscles BR and AHB and lower limb muscles VL, TA and AH comparing patients (black bars) and healthy participants (grey bars).

CV of AvMEP latency (mean ± SD) for A) patient lower limb muscles VL, TA and AH comparing symptomatic (black bars) and asymptomatic (white bars) legs, and B) upper limb muscles BR and AHB and lower limb muscles VL, TA and AH comparing patients (black bars) and healthy participants (grey bars).</p

Patient-specific inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Patient-specific inclusion and exclusion criteria.</p

AvMEP amplitude (mean ± SD) for A) patient lower limb muscles VL, TA and AH comparing symptomatic (black bars) and asymptomatic (white bars) legs, and B) upper limb muscles BR and AHB and lower limb muscles VL, TA and AH comparing patients (black bars) and healthy participants (grey bars).

AvMEP amplitude (mean ± SD) for A) patient lower limb muscles VL, TA and AH comparing symptomatic (black bars) and asymptomatic (white bars) legs, and B) upper limb muscles BR and AHB and lower limb muscles VL, TA and AH comparing patients (black bars) and healthy participants (grey bars).</p

CV (mean ± SD) of MEP amplitude at each 10-minute time point for A) patients and B) healthy participants.

BR = brachioradialis, APB = abductor pollicis brevis, VL = vastus lateralis, TA = tibialis anterior and AH = abductor hallucis.</p

AvMEP latency (mean ± SD) for A) patient lower limb muscles VL, TA and AH comparing symptomatic (black bars) and asymptomatic (white bars) legs, and B) upper limb muscles BR and AHB and lower limb muscles VL, TA and AH comparing patients (black bars) and healthy participants (grey bars).

AvMEP latency (mean ± SD) for A) patient lower limb muscles VL, TA and AH comparing symptomatic (black bars) and asymptomatic (white bars) legs, and B) upper limb muscles BR and AHB and lower limb muscles VL, TA and AH comparing patients (black bars) and healthy participants (grey bars).</p

CV of AvMEP amplitude (mean ± SD) for A) patient lower limb muscles VL, TA and AH comparing symptomatic (black bars) and asymptomatic (white bars) legs, and B) upper limb muscles BR and AHB and lower limb muscles VL, TA and AH comparing patients (black bars) and healthy participants (grey bars).

CV of AvMEP amplitude (mean ± SD) for A) patient lower limb muscles VL, TA and AH comparing symptomatic (black bars) and asymptomatic (white bars) legs, and B) upper limb muscles BR and AHB and lower limb muscles VL, TA and AH comparing patients (black bars) and healthy participants (grey bars).</p

Stimulation intensities (mean maximum stimulator output (%MSO) and range) for upper and lower limb muscles for healthy volunteers and patients.

Stimulation intensities (mean maximum stimulator output (%MSO) and range) for upper and lower limb muscles for healthy volunteers and patients.</p

A) Illustration of circular coil placement over vertex, B) Electrode placement on PVD patients with cone coil shown for illustration.

Ground electrode over olecranon process omitted. L = Left, R = Right, BR = brachioradialis, APB = abductor pollicis brevis, VL = vastus lateralis, TA = tibialis anterior and AH = abductor hallucis.</p