Age at first calving by calving date.

<p>The figure shows the age at first calving (month–Y-axis) over time (years–X-axis). The dots in Fig 2 represent nulliparous females that calved.</p

Daily rainfall (upper panel in mm) and percentage of male conceptions (lower panel in %) over time.

<p>Daily rainfall (upper panel in mm) and percentage of male conceptions (lower panel in %) over time.</p

Histogram of calving intervals (in months).

<p>The x-axis shows the time interval (months) and the y-axis the percentage of animals. The difference in parity of the animals is indicated through grey scales with lighter bars (parity 1), medium bars (parity 2) and darker bars (parity ≥3) with lower parity animals having lighter bars.</p

Season of calving.

<p>The line shows the total number of calvings throughout the study as divided per month of birth.</p

Population growth parameters from 2008–2015.

<p>Population growth parameters from 2008–2015.</p

Oestrus profiles for Hao Hao_SB741.

<p>Profiles corrected with USpG (A) and creatinine (B): a sharper and significant oestrogen peak without confounding same-level pre-and post- peak peaks demonstrates the superiority of USpG normalisation in breeding management. Progesterone profiles for Hao Hao corrected with USpG (C) and creatinine (D): the irregular skewed progesterone profile with outliers and a two-week earlier onset of secondary rise demonstrates the difficulty in interpreting creatinine-normalised profiles.</p

Pearson’s correlation coefficients for USpG, creatinine, faecal output and bodyweight for each complete cycle or for the respective periods within each cycle.

<p>Pearson’s correlation coefficients for USpG, creatinine, faecal output and bodyweight for each complete cycle or for the respective periods within each cycle.</p

Faeces and creatinine profiles for Tian Tian_SB569 (2013–2017) and Hao Hao_{SB 741}(2016).

<p>Faeces and creatinine profiles for Tian Tian_SB569 (2013–2017) and Hao Hao_{SB 741}(2016).</p

Faeces and urinary specific gravity (USpG) profiles for Tian Tian_SB569 (2013–2017) and Hao Hao_{SB 741}(2016).

<p>Faeces and urinary specific gravity (USpG) profiles for Tian Tian_SB569 (2013–2017) and Hao Hao_{SB 741}(2016).</p

Faeces, oestrogen and progesterone full-cycle profiles (normalised with creatinine and USpG) for Tian Tian_SB569 (2014) and Hao Hao_{SB 741}(2016).

<p>Faeces, oestrogen and progesterone full-cycle profiles (normalised with creatinine and USpG) for Tian Tian_SB569 (2014) and Hao Hao_{SB 741}(2016).</p